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Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
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Unlike the easy catalytic hydrogenation of an alkene double bond, hydrogenation of a benzene double bond under similar reaction conditions does not take place easily. For example, in the reduction of stilbene, the benzene ring remains unaffected while the alkene bond gets reduced. Hydrogenation of an alkene double bond is exothermic and a favorable process. In contrast, to hydrogenate the first unsaturated bond of benzene, an energy input is needed; that is, the process is endothermic. This is...
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Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

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Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
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Introduction
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Energy production within a cell involves many coordinated chemical pathways. Most of these pathways are combinations of oxidation and reduction reactions, which occur at the same time. An oxidation reaction strips an electron from an atom in a compound, and the addition of this electron to another compound is a reduction reaction. Because oxidation and reduction usually occur together, these pairs of reactions are called redox reactions.
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Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Peroxide Production via Simultaneous Reduction and Oxidation Processes.

Tetsuro Soejima1, Shin-Ichi Naya2, Hiroaki Tada3

  • 1Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, Japan.

Chemistry (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers are exploring green hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production using photoelectrochemical (PEC) cells. These H2O2/H2O2-PEC cells offer high efficiency, producing H2O2 from water and oxygen powered by solar energy.

Keywords:
hydrogen peroxidemultiple proton‐coupled charge transferoxygen reduction reactionphotoelectrochemical deviceswater oxidation reaction

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Green Chemistry

Background:

  • Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a vital industrial chemical and clean fuel.
  • Current industrial H2O2 production relies on the energy-intensive anthraquinone process.
  • Sustainable H2O2 production methods are under rapid development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review advancements in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production using photoelectrochemical (PEC) cells.
  • To focus on H2O2/H2O2-PEC cells capable of simultaneous H2O2 production at both electrodes.
  • To explore electrode material properties and their impact on cell performance for efficient H2O2 synthesis.

Main Methods:

  • Classification of H2O2/H2O2-PEC cells into water oxidation/oxygen reduction (WOR/ORR) and oxygen reduction/oxygen reduction (ORR/ORR) types.
  • Discussion of fundamental principles governing H2O2/H2O2-PEC cell operation.
  • Review of electrode material design strategies and recent research in WOR/ORR- and ORR/ORR-PEC cells.

Main Results:

  • H2O2/H2O2-PEC cells show potential for exceeding 100% Faraday efficiency in H2O2 production.
  • Solar-driven H2O2 synthesis from water and oxygen is achievable with PEC technology.
  • Electrode material properties significantly influence the performance of H2O2/H2O2-PEC cells.

Conclusions:

  • H2O2/H2O2-PEC cells represent a promising green alternative for H2O2 production.
  • Further research into electrode design and cell optimization is crucial for industrial viability.
  • Significant challenges and future perspectives exist in advancing this technology.