Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 28, 2026
11:32
High Pressure Single Crystal Diffraction at PX^2
Published on: January 16, 2017
22.1K
Zn4(BO3)2(CO2CH2NH2)2·H2O: An Organic-Inorganic Hybridized KBe2BO3F2-like Ultraviolet Nonlinear Optical Crystal
Yanming Han1, Chensheng Lin2, Xin Wen3
1State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Crystal Materials, Institute of Functional Crystal, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China.
Inorganic Chemistry
|January 27, 2026
Summary
Researchers developed a new inorganic-organic hybrid crystal, ZBGly, by incorporating glycine into KBBF-like structures. This enhances interlayer interactions, offering a promising new material for deep-ultraviolet nonlinear optical applications.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Crystallography
- Nonlinear Optics
Background:
- Potassium beryllium fluoroborate (KBBF) is the only practical crystal for direct phase matching in deep-ultraviolet (UV) laser output.
- KBBF's weak interlayer interactions lead to a pronounced layered growth habit, hindering its performance.
- Enhancing interlayer interactions in KBBF-like materials is a significant challenge in nonlinear optical (NLO) crystal research.
Purpose of the Study:
- To design and synthesize a novel KBBF-like inorganic-organic hybrid crystal with enhanced interlayer interactions.
- To investigate the potential of using glycine as an interlayer linker to improve crystal properties.
- To explore new avenues for developing advanced NLO materials.
Main Methods:
- Design and synthesis of a new crystal, Zinc borate-glycine hydrate (ZBGly), using glycine as an organic interlayer linker.
- Characterization of ZBGly's optical properties, including UV cutoff edge, second-harmonic generation (SHG) response, and birefringence.
- Analysis of ZBGly's crystal structure, highlighting its unique mixed anionic groups.
Main Results:
- Successful synthesis of ZBGly, a KBBF-like inorganic-organic hybrid crystal.
- ZBGly exhibits a short UV cutoff edge of 201 nm.
- The crystal shows a strong second-harmonic generation (SHG) response of 0.85 × KH2PO4 and moderate birefringence (0.029@546 nm).
- ZBGly is the first glycine borate crystal featuring mixed anionic groups.
Conclusions:
- The incorporation of glycine effectively enhances interlayer interactions in KBBF-like structures.
- ZBGly demonstrates promising NLO properties, making it a potential candidate for deep-UV laser applications.
- This study offers a new strategy for designing high-performance NLO crystals by creating inorganic-organic hybrids.
Related Concept Videos
00:49Gravimetry: Inorganic And Organic Precipitating Agents
7.1K
In gravimetry, the precipitant is chosen carefully to obtain a pure solid that can be easily filtered. Common inorganic precipitants can be used to determine several cations and anions. In some cases, the formation of the same precipitate can be used to determine the cation and the anion. For example, the reaction of barium and chromate ions to give barium chromate is used to determine both barium and chromate. However, precipitates such as hydroxides, oxalates, and metal ammonium phosphates...
7.1K
01:13meta-Directing Deactivators: –NO2, –CN, –CHO, –CO2R, –COR, –CO2H
6.7K
All meta-directing substituents are deactivating groups. These substituents withdraw electrons from the aromatic ring, making the ring less reactive toward electrophilic substitution. For example, the nitration of nitrobenzene is 100,000 times slower than that of benzene because of the deactivating effect of the nitro group. The first step in an electrophilic aromatic substitution is the addition of an electrophile to form a resonance-stabilized carbocation. The energy diagrams for...
6.7K
01:202° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO2
5.4K
Secondary amines react with nitrous acid to form N-nitrosamines, as depicted in Figure 1. Nitrous acid, a weak and unstable acid, is formed in situ from an aqueous solution of sodium nitrite and strong acids, such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, in cold conditions. In the presence of an acid, the nitrous acid gets protonated. The subsequent loss of water results in the formation of the electrophile known as nitrosonium ion.
5.4K
02:14SN2 Reaction: Kinetics
10.3K
Kinetic Studies and Significance
In a chemical reaction, a relationship exists between the concentration of reactants and the rate at which the reaction proceeds. The study to measure this relationship is known as the kinetics of a chemical reaction. Kinetic studies are used to deduce the rate law of a chemical reaction, which provides information about the species involved during the transition state of the rate-determining step. Thus, kinetic studies help to derive the mechanism of a...
In a chemical reaction, a relationship exists between the concentration of reactants and the rate at which the reaction proceeds. The study to measure this relationship is known as the kinetics of a chemical reaction. Kinetic studies are used to deduce the rate law of a chemical reaction, which provides information about the species involved during the transition state of the rate-determining step. Thus, kinetic studies help to derive the mechanism of a...
10.3K
02:27SN2 Reaction: Mechanism
17.3K
The kinetic studies of SN2 reactions suggest an essential feature of its mechanism: it is a single-step process without intermediates. Here, both the nucleophile and the substrate participate in the rate-determining step.
The presence of the more electronegative halogen in the substrate creates a polarized carbon-halide bond. The halide pulls the electron cloud generating an electrophilic center at the carbon atom. Thus, the carbon atom carries a partial positive charge while the halide has a...
The presence of the more electronegative halogen in the substrate creates a polarized carbon-halide bond. The halide pulls the electron cloud generating an electrophilic center at the carbon atom. Thus, the carbon atom carries a partial positive charge while the halide has a...
17.3K
02:26SN2 Reaction: Transition State
11.9K
An SN2 reaction of an alkyl halide is a single-step process in which bond formation between the nucleophile and the substrate and bond breaking between the substrate and the halide occurs simultaneously through a transition state without forming an intermediate.
When the nucleophile approaches the electrophilic carbon with its lone pairs, the halide acts as a leaving group and moves away with the electron-pair bonded to the carbon. Dotted partial bonds represent the bonds being formed or broken...
When the nucleophile approaches the electrophilic carbon with its lone pairs, the halide acts as a leaving group and moves away with the electron-pair bonded to the carbon. Dotted partial bonds represent the bonds being formed or broken...
11.9K