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Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Cardiac Muscle Cell-based Actuator and Self-stabilizing Biorobot - Part 2
Published on: May 9, 2017
Numerical Simulation Study on the Influence of MWCNT and Genipin Crosslinking on the Actuation Performance of
Zhen Li1, Yunqing Gu1, Chendong He1
1College of Metrology Measurement and Instrument, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
Abstract:
To enhance the actuation performance of artificial muscles, a thermo-piezoelectric coupled model was developed based on the inverse piezoelectric effect of piezoelectric bimorphs. By altering the effective piezoelectric coefficient, elastic modulus, and effective thermal expansion coefficient of the thermo-piezoelectric bimorph model, the bending motion of artificial muscles was simulated. The effects of multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) and Genipin crosslinking on the bending force and output displacement of the artificial muscles were analyzed, illustrating how crosslinking affects the equivalent actuation response. The results showed that MWCNT and Genipin crosslinking significantly improved the actuation performance of the artificial muscles. Through numerical simulation, the optimal crosslinking ratio was determined to be 43.34% MWCNT and 0.1% Genipin, at which the best actuation performance was achieved. Compared to non-crosslinked techniques, the artificial muscles with crosslinked structures exhibited markedly enhanced actuation behavior.
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