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Wearable Sensing Systems for Multi-Modal Body Fluid Monitoring: Sensing-Combination Strategy, Platform-Integration
Manqi Peng1, Yuntong Ning1, Jiarui Zhang1
1School of Integrated Circuit, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
Biosensors
|January 27, 2026
Summary
Wearable multi-modal body fluid monitoring integrates multiple sensors for continuous, non-invasive health assessment. This approach offers a holistic view of physiology, advancing personalized and predictive healthcare.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical Engineering
- Wearable Technology
- Physiological Monitoring
Background:
- Continuous, non-invasive monitoring of human physiology is crucial for dynamic health assessment.
- Existing single-marker wearable sensors have limitations in providing a holistic view of health states.
- Multi-modal body fluid monitoring integrates diverse data for comprehensive physiological insights.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a system-level overview of recent advancements in wearable multi-modal body fluid monitoring.
- To analyze sensing-combination strategies, platform integration mechanisms, and data-processing patterns.
- To establish a framework for holistic physiological interpretation and guide future system development.
Main Methods:
- Review of sensing-combination strategies: multi-marker analysis, biochemical signal coupling with physical parameters, and multi-fluid acquisition.
- Discussion of platform integration: biochemical, physical, and hybrid sensing principles with flexible electronics, microfluidics, microneedles, and smart textiles.
- Analysis of data-processing patterns: cross-modal calibration, machine learning inference, and multi-level data fusion.
Main Results:
- Advancements in sensing combinations improve analytical accuracy and physiological relevance.
- Integration mechanisms leverage flexible electronics and microfluidics for monolithic and modular architectures.
- Data processing enhances reliability and supports personalized, predictive healthcare through advanced fusion techniques.
Conclusions:
- Wearable multi-modal body fluid monitoring offers a holistic approach to physiological assessment.
- The review provides a framework for moving beyond isolated signals to integrated physiological interpretation.
- Future systems require high integration, miniaturization, and focus on personalized medical applications.
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