Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Sleep Apnea01:21

Sleep Apnea

531
Sleep apnea is a condition where breathing stops intermittently during sleep, often leading to significant health issues. Each episode can last from 10 to 20 seconds or more and is frequently accompanied by a brief arousal from sleep. This disturbance, largely unnoticed by the individual, can lead to severe daytime fatigue. Commonly, individuals seek help after being informed by their partners about loud snoring and noticeable breathing pauses during sleep.
The condition is more prevalent among...
531
Stages of Sleep01:22

Stages of Sleep

1.4K
Sleep progresses through distinct stages, each characterized by specific brain wave patterns and physiological responses ranging from wakefulness to stages of non-rapid eye movement, known as non-REM, to rapid eye movement, referred to as REM. Understanding these stages helps in recognizing how sleep supports various bodily and cognitive functions.
Before sleep begins, in wakefulness, the brain exhibits primarily beta waves, which are high in frequency and low in amplitude, indicating alertness...
1.4K
Classification of Titrimetric Analysis Based on Reaction Types01:01

Classification of Titrimetric Analysis Based on Reaction Types

1.7K
Titrimetric analysis in solution chemistry involves measuring the volume of solutions and is often called volumetric analysis. The standard solution of known concentration in the burette is called the titrant, whereas the solution of unknown concentration in the flask is called the analyte, or titrand. Titrimetric analyses can be classified into four types based on the reactions between the titrant and analyte.
Titrations between an acid and a base lead to neutralization reactions that form...
1.7K
Cardiovascular Drugs: Classification based on Therapeutic Indications01:18

Cardiovascular Drugs: Classification based on Therapeutic Indications

4.2K
Cardiovascular diseases, encompassing a range of conditions, can significantly affect the heart's operations and the overall circulatory system. These conditions impair the heart's ability to pump blood, leading to a deficit in oxygen supply to crucial organs. Anomalies in the heart's electrical system, known as arrhythmias, can cause heartbeats to accelerate or slow down. Usually, heart rates increase during physical activity and decrease while resting or sleeping. However,...
4.2K
Acid-Base Titration Curves02:23

Acid-Base Titration Curves

141.0K
A titration curve is a plot of some solution property versus the amount of added titrant. For acid-base titrations, solution pH is a useful property to monitor because it varies predictably with the solution composition and, therefore, may be used to monitor the titration’s progress and detect its endpoint. Acid-base titration can be performed with a strong acid and a strong base, a strong acid and a weak base, or a strong base and a weak acid.
For a titration carried out for 25.00 mL of...
141.0K
Insufficient Sleep and Sleep Deprivation01:13

Insufficient Sleep and Sleep Deprivation

916
Insufficient sleep refers to not getting the recommended amount of sleep for optimal functioning, even if it's just slightly less than needed. Sleep insufficiency may occur due to lifestyle choices, such as staying up late for social events or work, resulting in routinely getting less sleep than required. For example, consistently sleeping 6 hours when the body needs 7-9 hours can lead to cumulative effects on health and well-being.
Sleep deprivation is a more severe form of sleep loss...
916

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Diagnostic Performance of Prespecified OCT Rules for Glaucomatous Optic Neuropathy in Nonpathologic Myopia.

JAMA ophthalmology·2026
Same author

Evidence and Consensus Based Guidelines for Imaging in Tubercular Choroiditis. Multimodal imaging in Uveitis (MUV) Taskforce: Report 17.

Ophthalmology. Retina·2026
Same author

Interpretable Framework for Sleep Monitoring: Applying Statistical Control Charts to Physiological Data Streams.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Choroidal imaging features of KIF11-associated retinopathy: expanding the ocular phenotype.

International journal of retina and vitreous·2026
Same author

EyeRAG: graph retrieval-augmented generation for safe and accurate clinical dialogue in ophthalmology.

NPJ digital medicine·2026
Same author

Drug therapies and immune pathways in ocular manifestations of inflammatory skin diseases.

Expert review of clinical immunology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy DISE with Target Controlled Infusion TCI and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
07:54

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy DISE with Target Controlled Infusion TCI and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Published on: December 6, 2016

20.6K

Modulation-Based Feature Extraction for Robust Sleep Stage Classification Across Apnea-Based Cohorts.

Unaza Tallal1, Rupesh Agrawal2, Shruti Kshirsagar1

  • 1School of Computing, Wichita State University, 1845 N, Wichita, KS 67208, USA.

Biosensors
|January 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces modulation spectrograms for improved automatic sleep staging, especially for challenging transitions. The new method shows superior performance in clinical populations with moderate to severe sleep apnea.

Keywords:
EEG signal processingautomated sleep stagingmodulation spectrogramobstructive sleep apneatime–frequency analysis

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: IntelliSleepScorer — A High-Accuracy, Accessible GUI Software for Automated Sleep Stage Scoring in Mice and its Application in Psychiatric Research
04:54

Author Spotlight: IntelliSleepScorer — A High-Accuracy, Accessible GUI Software for Automated Sleep Stage Scoring in Mice and its Application in Psychiatric Research

Published on: November 8, 2024

1.0K
Multi-Modal Home Sleep Monitoring in Older Adults
07:40

Multi-Modal Home Sleep Monitoring in Older Adults

Published on: January 26, 2019

8.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy DISE with Target Controlled Infusion TCI and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
07:54

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy DISE with Target Controlled Infusion TCI and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Published on: December 6, 2016

20.6K
Author Spotlight: IntelliSleepScorer — A High-Accuracy, Accessible GUI Software for Automated Sleep Stage Scoring in Mice and its Application in Psychiatric Research
04:54

Author Spotlight: IntelliSleepScorer — A High-Accuracy, Accessible GUI Software for Automated Sleep Stage Scoring in Mice and its Application in Psychiatric Research

Published on: November 8, 2024

1.0K
Multi-Modal Home Sleep Monitoring in Older Adults
07:40

Multi-Modal Home Sleep Monitoring in Older Adults

Published on: January 26, 2019

8.2K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Signal Processing

Background:

  • Automated sleep staging is crucial for diagnosing sleep disorders but faces challenges with sleep stage transitions, particularly stage N1.
  • Conventional time-frequency analysis methods like STFT and CWT struggle to capture the dynamic nature of sleep stages.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of modulation spectrograms for automatic sleep staging.
  • To compare the performance of modulation spectrograms against STFT and CWT using single-channel EEG data.
  • To assess the clinical generalizability of the proposed method across different sleep apnea severity levels.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized single-channel EEG (C4-M1) data from the DREAMT dataset.
  • Employed subject-independent validation for robust performance assessment.
  • Stratified participants based on Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) into Normal, Mild, Moderate, and Severe groups.
  • Compared modulation spectrograms with Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT) and Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) features.

Main Results:

  • The modulation spectrogram framework significantly outperformed STFT and CWT in Mild and Severe Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) cohorts.
  • Comparable high performance was maintained in Normal and Moderate AHI groups.
  • The proposed method demonstrated robust performance in severe apnea, overcoming the degradation seen with standard time-frequency methods.

Conclusions:

  • Modulation spectrograms are effective for automatic sleep staging, particularly in capturing transitional sleep stages.
  • Medical stratification based on AHI is essential for achieving reliable sleep staging outcomes in clinical populations.
  • The developed framework offers a promising approach for more accurate sleep analysis in individuals with sleep-disordered breathing.