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Occupational Radiation Risk Stratification and Protection in Fluoroscopy-Guided Surgeons and Interventionalists: A
Nana Kwadwo Okraku-Yirenkyi1, Sri Snehita Reddy Bonthu1, Hanisha Bhakta1
1Anne Burnett School of Medicine, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76104, USA.
Journal of Personalized Medicine
|January 27, 2026
Summary
Occupational radiation exposure during fluoroscopy is reduced by protective gear, but inconsistent use and variable doses persist. Further monitoring and protocol enforcement are needed to mitigate long-term cancer risks for healthcare professionals.
Area of Science:
- Medical Physics
- Occupational Health
- Radiology
Background:
- Fluoroscopy-guided procedures expose operators to ionizing radiation, posing risks of stochastic and deterministic health effects.
- Understanding occupational radiation exposure is crucial for safeguarding healthcare professionals in interventional specialties.
Purpose of the Study:
- To characterize operator radiation exposure during fluoroscopy-guided procedures.
- To evaluate the effectiveness of various radiation shielding strategies.
- To assess long-term cancer risks and identify compliance patterns with protective measures.
Main Methods:
- A structured narrative review of studies published between January 2000 and March 2024.
- Searched databases included PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science.
- Included 16 studies after reviewing 27 full texts from an initial 62 records.
Main Results:
- Unshielded operator exposure averaged 0.08-0.11 mSv (chest) and 0.04-0.05 mSv (eyes) per procedure.
- Lead aprons (0.5 mm) and thyroid collars significantly reduced exposure (99% and 60-70%, respectively); lead glasses offered 2.5-4.5-fold ocular dose reduction.
- High compliance with aprons/collars but inconsistent use of lead glasses and lower-body shielding was observed; modeling indicated increased lifetime cancer risks for chronically exposed operators.
Conclusions:
- Protective equipment effectively reduces operator radiation dose, but variability in exposure and inconsistent adherence to safety protocols remain significant concerns.
- Standardized radiation dose monitoring, enhanced enforcement of safety protocols, and longitudinal studies are essential for mitigating occupational health risks.
Keywords:
cancer riskfluoroscopy-guided procedureslead apronslead glassesoccupational radiation exposureshielding effectivenessthyroid collarsMore Related Videos
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