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Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Microbiology
  • Human Performance

Background:

  • The gut microbiota, a complex microbial ecosystem, influences athletic performance, metabolism, and recovery.
  • The relationship between gut microbiota and combat sports performance is not well understood.
  • Combat sports involve unique physiological and psychological demands.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the existing literature on the gut microbiota and combat sports performance.
  • To identify microbial response patterns to training and competition.
  • To evaluate the impact of prebiotic and probiotic interventions and highlight research gaps.

Main Methods:

  • A scoping review following the PRISMA-ScR framework.
  • Inclusion of 8 studies with 247 elite and high-level combat sport athletes (wrestling, MMA, judo, taekwondo).
  • Analysis of associations between microbiota and training, competition, weight management, and psychological state.

Main Results:

  • Gut microbiota showed associations with training intensity, competition level, weight management, and pre-competition psychological states.
  • Limited taxonomic consistency across studies prevented identification of sport-specific microbial signatures.
  • Preliminary evidence suggests prebiotics and probiotics may improve GI symptoms, aerobic performance, and reduce fatigue.

Conclusions:

  • The gut microbiome's role in combat sports performance is suggested but not definitively established.
  • Methodological heterogeneity and small sample sizes limit current findings.
  • Further research is needed to understand sport-specific microbial signatures and optimize interventions.