Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 28, 2026
An Operant Intra-/Extra-dimensional Set-shift Task for Mice
Published on: January 22, 2016
Solriamfetol for Excessive Sleepiness in Early-Morning Shift Work Disorder
Kirsi-Marja Zitting1,2, Katherine R Gilmore1, Brandon J Lockyer1
1Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Background:
More individuals work early-morning shifts than night shifts, yet investigations into the treatment of shift work disorder (SWD) in this population are lacking.
Methods:
This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial evaluated the efficacy of solriamfetol, a selective dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, for treating excessive sleepiness in 78 early-morning shift workers (shift starting between 3 and 7 a.m.) with excessive sleepiness associated with SWD. The primary outcome was change in objective sleepiness, as measured by sleep latency on the Maintenance of Wakefulness Test (longer latency reflects less sleepiness). Secondary outcomes included subjective sleepiness measured by the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (range 1-9, with higher values indicating greater sleepiness) as well as clinician- and patient-assessed change in clinical condition, using the Clinical Global Impression of Change and Patient Global Impression of Change questionnaires (scores range from 1-7 for both scales, but higher scores indicate worse condition for the clinical scale and improved condition for the patient scale).
Results:
After 4 weeks, patients treated with solriamfetol were significantly less sleepy than those treated with placebo (9.4-minute longer sleep latency; 95% confidence interval [CI], 5.7 to 13.0; P<0.001). Solriamfetol treatment was associated with changed subjective sleepiness (Karolinska Sleepiness Scale difference, -1.2; 95% CI, -1.7 to -0.7), and changed clinician (odds ratio 3.7; 95% CI, 1.3 to 10.4) and patient (odds ratio, 4.2; 95% CI, 1.5 to 11.6) ratings. Overall, 55% of patients who received any treatment with solriamfetol and 63% of patients receiving placebo reported any adverse event; the most common adverse events were headache and nausea.
Conclusions:
In this randomized trial of a treatment for excessive sleepiness in early-morning shift workers with SWD, solriamfetol significantly improved sleepiness compared with placebo. (Funded by Axsome Therapeutics and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04788953.).
Related Concept Videos
01:13Excess Pressure Inside a Drop and a Bubble
02:18Intrinsically Disordered Proteins
01:30Other Disorders of Digestive System
01:27Disorders of Erythrocytes
Erythrocyte disorders can be broadly categorized into two main types: anemic and polycythemic conditions.
A low oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood due to the loss, lower production, or destruction of erythrocytes is termed anemia. Hemorrhagic anemia, for example, occurs when bleeding from an external wound or internal ulcer reduces erythrocyte counts.
On the other...
01:27Disorders of Leukocytes
Leukopenia may result from bone marrow disorders, autoimmune diseases, and infectious diseases. For example, conditions such as multiple myeloma and aplastic anemia can impair the bone marrow's ability to produce adequate leukocytes. Similarly, autoimmune diseases like lupus and viral infections such as HIV can prompt the immune...
01:29Bone Disorders
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...