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Beyond Cocrystals: Hierarchical Functional Assemblies via Noncovalent Synthesis.

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Summary

Organic hierarchical structures (OHSs) are built from cocrystals using non-covalent interactions (NCIs). This review explores their construction, properties, and optoelectronic applications, addressing challenges and future opportunities for advanced materials.

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hierarchical structuresnon‐covalent interactionsoptoelectronic applicationsorganic cocrystalssequential self‐assembly

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Crystallography

Background:

  • Cocrystals, formed by non-covalent interactions (NCIs), offer tunable optoelectronic properties but are insufficient for multi-functional devices.
  • Organic hierarchical structures (OHSs) are proposed as advanced materials by using cocrystals as building blocks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize strategies for constructing OHSs from cocrystals via self-assembly of NCIs.
  • To analyze factors influencing cocrystal properties and the self-assembly of OHSs.
  • To explore the optoelectronic applications of these OHSs.

Main Methods:

  • Review of fundamental factors affecting cocrystal physicochemical properties (e.g., molecular arrangement, intermolecular interactions).
  • Analysis of self-assembly processes for synthetic OHSs driven by single and multiple NCIs.
  • Exploration of cocrystal sequential nucleation by regulating NCI strength.

Main Results:

  • Strategies for constructing complex OHSs from cocrystals have been developed.
  • Physicochemical properties of cocrystals are influenced by molecular arrangement and intermolecular interactions.
  • OHSs demonstrate potential applications in optoelectronics.

Conclusions:

  • OHSs offer a pathway to multi-functional optoelectronic devices by leveraging cocrystal self-assembly.
  • Further research is needed to address challenges in OHS preparation and unlock future opportunities.
  • Understanding NCIs is crucial for designing and synthesizing advanced OHS materials.