Pediatric low-grade epilepsy-associated tumors (LEATS): neuroimaging review and genetics update

Low-grade epilepsy-associated tumors (LEATs) are a distinct group of tumors commonly encountered in pediatric drug-resistant epilepsy that necessitate surgical intervention. Like tumors elsewhere in the central nervous system, molecular characterization is becoming an increasingly important consideration in pediatric neuro-oncology prognostication and management for LEATs. Thus, familiarity with relevant tumor mutations and radiogenomic features of LEATs is important for radiologists caring for affected patients. This article will review the genetic alterations and imaging characteristics of LEATs, formatted according to the three categories defined by the World Health Organization (WHO): glioneuronal and neuronal tumors (ganglioglioma, dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor, papillary glioneuronal tumor, multinodular and vacuolating neuronal tumor); circumscribed astrocytic gliomas (pilocytic astrocytoma, pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma); and pediatric-type diffuse low-grade gliomas (diffuse astrocytoma MYB or MYBL1-altered, angiocentric glioma, diffuse low-grade glioma MAPK pathway-altered, polymorphous low-grade neuroepithelial tumor of the young).