Evaluating the effectiveness of adsorption nano-techniques for microplastic removal: Insights and future prospects

The widespread presence of microplastics in aquatic ecosystems has raised significant environmental concerns, with implications for both wildlife and human health. This review evaluates the effectiveness of various adsorbent materials for removing microplastics and nanoplastics from water sources. It focuses on adsorbents such as activated carbon, bioadsorbents, and advanced nanomaterials, exploring their adsorption capacities, efficiency, and surface properties. Key factors, such as pore size, surface charge, and environmental parameters (temperature, pH), that affect removal efficiency are examined. The mechanisms underlying adsorption, including electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding, and hydrophobic forces, are discussed in detail. Additionally, the review addresses the challenges related to adsorbent regenerability and scalability for large-scale applications. Although various adsorbents show promise, future research must prioritize improving the sustainability and efficiency of these materials while minimizing environmental risks associated with their use. The development of biodegradable and cost-effective adsorbents will be crucial for addressing the growing issue of microplastic contamination in water.