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Long-Term Pulmonary Function and Radiologic Abnormalities Up to 3 Years After COVID-19: A Systematic Review and

Jiyoung Song1, Jong Hyuk Lee1, Hyungin Park2

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

COVID-19 survivors show gradual improvement in lung function and CT scans up to 3 years. However, persistent diffusion capacity (DLCO) impairment and stable lung fibrosis remain concerns for long-term recovery.

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COVID-19Post-acute COVID-19 syndromePulmonary fibrosisPulmonary function testsTomography, X-ray computed

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Long COVID can lead to persistent respiratory issues.
  • Understanding the long-term lung recovery trajectory is crucial for patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically evaluate the long-term pulmonary function test (PFT) and CT findings in COVID-19 survivors up to 36 months post-infection.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search of PubMed and EMBASE (Jan 2020-June 2024).
  • Inclusion of studies reporting PFT and/or chest CT outcomes at ≥6 months post-COVID-19.
  • Multivariate meta-analyses to assess temporal trends in lung function and radiological abnormalities.

Main Results:

  • Diffusion capacity (DLCO) impairment improved from 42% at 6 months to 35% at 36 months.
  • Forced vital capacity (FVC) impairment decreased over time.
  • Ground-glass opacities (GGO) reduced from 32% to 20%, while fibrosis remained prevalent (27%-47%) without significant change.

Conclusions:

  • Lung function (DLCO, FVC) and GGO findings show gradual improvement up to 3 years.
  • Over one-third of patients exhibit persistent DLCO impairment.
  • Lung fibrosis remains stable, indicating a nonprogressive pattern in most survivors.