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This study models late-time gravitational collapse using thin-shell methods in general relativity. It identifies a deceleration mechanism and provides observational tests for alternative compact object scenarios.

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Schwarzschild–de Sitterclassical collapse endpointcurvature invariantsjunction geometrynegative heat capacityquasi-trapped modesstatic patchtimelike thin shell

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Area of Science:

  • Classical General Relativity
  • Gravitational Collapse Dynamics
  • Theoretical Astrophysics

Background:

  • Late-time gravitational collapse is explored using timelike thin-shell methods.
  • A junction surface separates de Sitter interior from Schwarzschild exterior, modeling a vacuum-energy core.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the dynamics of regular thin-shell collapse in classical general relativity.
  • To provide a framework for understanding alternative compact object scenarios.
  • To establish concrete observational tests for theoretical predictions.

Main Methods:

  • Application of timelike thin-shell methods in classical general relativity.
  • Utilizing Israel junction techniques for classical junction conditions.
  • Analysis of geometric area functional and Tolman redshift for thermodynamic interpretation.

Main Results:

  • Identification of a deceleration mechanism at the balance radius Rthr=(3M/Λ-)1/3 for linear surface equations of state.
  • Classification of the allowable radial domain V(R)≤0 for outward evolution.
  • Demonstration of bounded curvature invariants and a mass-scaled frequency bound for spectral modes.

Conclusions:

  • The framework offers an analytically tractable model for regular thin-shell collapse.
  • The study provides concrete observational tests derived from standard junction techniques.
  • Results have implications for understanding alternative compact object scenarios.