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Diffusion-Weighted Whole-Body Magnetic Resonance Imaging with Background Body Signal Suppression for Differentiating

Jien Saito1,2,3, Masahiro Muto4, Masafumi Tada5,6

  • 1Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8648, Hokkaido, Japan.

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)
|January 28, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Diffusion-weighted whole-body MRI (DWIBS) shows promise for distinguishing infectious from non-infectious aortitis. Combining DWIBS with CT imaging enhances diagnostic accuracy for this critical condition.

Keywords:
aortitiscommunicable diseasescomputed tomographydiffusion magnetic resonance imagingwhole-body imaging

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Area of Science:

  • Radiology
  • Medical Imaging
  • Cardiovascular Disease

Background:

  • Aortitis diagnosis can be challenging, requiring differentiation between infectious and non-infectious causes.
  • Accurate differentiation is crucial for appropriate treatment and patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the clinical utility of diffusion-weighted whole-body MRI with background body signal suppression (DWIBS) in differentiating infectious from non-infectious aortitis.
  • To compare the diagnostic performance of DWIBS, non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT), and their combination.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 32 patients with suspected inflammatory aortitis.
  • Comparison of diagnostic performance using DWIBS (with spinal cord reference), NCCT, and combined imaging.
  • Adjudication of infectious aortitis based on comprehensive clinical, imaging, and laboratory data.

Main Results:

  • The combination of DWIBS and NCCT achieved the highest diagnostic performance (AUC 0.90, sensitivity 86.7%, specificity 94.1%).
  • DWIBS alone demonstrated strong performance (AUC 0.85, sensitivity 93.3%, specificity 76.5%).
  • NCCT showed comparable sensitivity but lower specificity (AUC 0.82, sensitivity 93.3%, specificity 70.6%).

Conclusions:

  • DWIBS, particularly when referenced against the spinal cord, is a valuable tool for differentiating infectious aortitis.
  • The combination of DWIBS and NCCT offers superior diagnostic accuracy for infectious aortitis.
  • Further research may solidify DWIBS's role in the routine evaluation of aortitis.