Signaling Pathways of the Acquired Immune System and Myocardial Dysfunction in Chronic Kidney Disease-What Do We Know...

Area of Science:

• Immunology
• Nephrology
• Cardiology

Background:

• Acquired immune system dysregulation is linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD).
• Understanding lymphocyte abnormalities in CKD is crucial for elucidating their role in uremic cardiomyopathy.
• T cell subsets show varied associations with myocardial function in CKD models.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current evidence on the role of acquired immune cells in the pathogenesis of myocardial structural and functional alterations in CKD.
• To examine the involvement of T cell subsets, regulatory T cells (Tregs), and B lymphocytes in CKD-associated cardiac remodeling.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of experimental and clinical studies.
• Analysis of data on T cell subsets, Tregs, and B lymphocytes in CKD and CVD.
• Synthesis of evidence regarding immune cell involvement in myocardial remodeling.

Main Results:

• T cell subsets exhibit diverse associations with myocardial function in CKD.
• Regulatory T cells (Tregs) may shift towards a profibrotic phenotype in CKD and heart failure.
• B lymphocyte depletion is common in CKD and heart failure, but their direct role in myocardial damage is unclear.

Conclusions:

• Acquired immune cells, particularly T cells and Tregs, play a significant role in the pathogenesis of myocardial alterations in CKD.
• Further research is needed to clarify the specific mechanisms by which B lymphocytes contribute to cardiac damage in CKD.
• Targeting immune pathways may offer therapeutic strategies for managing cardiorenal syndrome.