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Advances in Cytokines and Inflammatory Mechanisms in the Pathogenesis of Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome
Yulin Xiao1, Donglin Zhu1, Xiangfu Zhou1
1Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 W Tianhe Rd., Guangzhou 510630, China.
Abstract:
Bladder discomfort, urgency, and frequency of urination are the hallmarks of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS), a chronic illness. Although the precise etiology remains unclear, numerous clinical investigations have established inflammation as a pivotal factor in its pathogenesis, encompassing uroepithelial damage, mast cell activation, and neuroinflammatory responses. This review delineates the pathological features and classification of IC/BPS, emphasizing the contribution of inflammatory mechanisms and the involvement of cytokines as key mediators in disease progression. The insights presented aim to guide the advancement of innovative treatment approaches.
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