Near-Real-Time Epileptic Seizure Detection with Reduced EEG Electrodes: A BiLSTM-Wavelet Approach on the EPILEPSIAE...

Background and Objectives: Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures caused by abnormal brain activity. Reliable near-real-time seizure detection is essential for preventing injuries, enabling early interventions, and improving the quality of life for patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. This study presents a near-real-time epileptic seizure detection framework designed for low-latency operation, focusing on improving both clinical reliability and patient comfort through electrode reduction. Method: The framework integrates bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) networks with wavelet-based feature extraction using Electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings from the EPILEPSIAE dataset. EEG signals from 161 patients comprising 1032 seizures were analyzed. Wavelet features were combined with raw EEG data to enhance temporal and spectral representation. Furthermore, electrode reduction experiments were conducted to determine the minimum number of strategically positioned electrodes required to maintain performance. Results: The optimized BiLSTM model achieved 86.9% accuracy, 86.1% recall, and an average detection delay of 1.05 s, with a total processing time of 0.065 s per 0.5 s EEG window. Results demonstrated that reliable detection is achievable with as few as six electrodes, maintaining comparable performance to the full configuration. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that the proposed BiLSTM-wavelet approach provides a clinically viable, computationally efficient, and wearable-friendly solution for near-real-time epileptic seizure detection using reduced EEG channels.