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Artificial Intelligence in Oncologic Thoracic Surgery: Clinical Decision Support and Emerging Applications.
Francesco Petrella1,2, Stefania Rizzo3,4
1Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy.
Cancers
|January 28, 2026
Summary
Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming thoracic surgery by improving diagnostics, planning, and navigation. Challenges remain in adoption, but AI promises enhanced precision and personalized care in thoracic oncology.
Area of Science:
- Thoracic Surgery
- Artificial Intelligence
- Oncology
Background:
- Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly advancing thoracic surgery.
- AI technologies like machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL), and computer vision are improving various surgical aspects.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review and synthesize current AI applications in thoracic surgery.
- To cover the entire thoracic surgical pathway from preoperative support to autonomous interventions.
Main Methods:
- Literature review and synthesis of AI applications in thoracic surgery.
- Analysis of AI's impact on diagnostics, planning, intraoperative navigation, and outcome prediction.
Main Results:
- AI enhances diagnostic accuracy, surgical planning, and outcome prediction in thoracic oncology.
- AI-guided robotic systems improve surgical precision and efficiency.
- Real-time decision support and augmented reality enhance intraoperative safety.
Conclusions:
- Widespread AI adoption faces challenges like bias, data integration, and regulation.
- Multicenter validation, explainable AI, and governance are crucial for safe clinical integration.
- Future research in digital twins and federated learning will enhance AI reliability in thoracic surgery.
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