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Related Concept Videos

Induced-fit Model01:13

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Most chemical reactions in cells require enzymes—biological catalysts that speed up the reaction without being consumed or permanently changed. They reduce the activation energy needed to convert the reactants into products. Enzymes are proteins, that usually work by binding to a substrate—a reactant molecule that they act upon.
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A goodness-of-fit test is conducted to determine whether the observed frequency values are statistically similar to the frequencies expected for the dataset. Suppose the expected frequencies for a dataset are equal such as when predicting the frequency of any number appearing when casting a die. In that case, the expected frequency is the ratio of the total number of observations (n)  to the number of categories (k).
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A Quantitative Fitness Analysis Workflow
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Fitness in CLL.

Claudia Baratè1, Ilaria Scortechini2, Sara Ciofini3

  • 1Department of Hematology, Niguarda Cancer Center, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, 20161 Milano, Italy.

Cancers
|January 28, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Fitness assessment for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients needs updating. New targeted therapies require considering biological age, comorbidities, and frailty for effective management.

Keywords:
biological agechronic lymphocytic leukemiacomorbiditiesfitnessnutritionphysical activity

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Geriatrics
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) management is increasingly complex.
  • The advent of targeted therapies has shifted treatment paradigms.
  • Traditional fitness assessments are insufficient for current CLL treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To redefine the concept of fitness in CLL management.
  • To explore the relevance of biological age, comorbidities, and frailty.
  • To provide insights into current fitness assessments and their actualization.

Main Methods:

  • This study is a narrative review.
  • It analyzes various aspects of patient fitness in CLL.
  • Focuses on evolving treatment options and understanding the elderly CLL population.

Main Results:

  • Fitness assessment must evolve beyond chemoimmunotherapy tolerance.
  • Biological age, comorbidities, and frailty are crucial factors.
  • Preserving general patient condition through physical activity and nutrition is vital.

Conclusions:

  • Redefining fitness is essential for modern CLL management.
  • A comprehensive approach considering multiple patient factors is necessary.
  • Updated fitness assessments will improve patient outcomes in CLL.