Composition and Function of Gut Microbiome: From Basic Omics to Precision Medicine

Area of Science:

• Microbiome Research
• Genomics
• Translational Medicine

Background:

• The gut microbiome, comprising microbial communities and their products, critically regulates host metabolism, immunity, and neuroendocrine functions.
• Understanding microbiome-host interactions is vital due to the microbiome's systemic influence on health.
• Recent advances highlight the need to integrate microbiome data with host genomics.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a systematic overview of recent advances in microbiome-host interactions.
• To integrate microbiome composition, function, and genetics with host genomics.
• To explore the technological pipeline from basic research to clinical applications.

Main Methods:

• Review of a technological pipeline including in vitro and in vivo models.
• Techniques such as single-bacterium CRISPR editing, organoid-microbiome co-culture, and humanized animal models.
• Application of multi-omics, machine learning, and causal inference for personalized probiotic design.

Main Results:

• Integration of microbiome and host genomics offers a comprehensive view of their interactions.
• A technological pipeline facilitates the translation of microbiome research into clinical strategies.
• Development of precision intervention strategies based on microbiome associations.

Conclusions:

• Interdisciplinary research is key to transforming microbiome insights into targeted clinical applications.
• Precision microbiome interventions hold promise for treating cancer, metabolic, and neurodegenerative diseases.
• This approach forms the foundation for a new generation of precision medicine.