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Retinal Vasculature in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder.

Caroline Simon Sherman1, Erik Gunnarsson1, Nycole Hidalgo1

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|January 28, 2026
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Individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD) show reduced retinal blood vessel density in the optic nerve head's temporal region. This vascular difference is observable even in younger adults with SSD.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD) is a complex mental health condition.
  • Ocular vascular changes may be linked to neurological disorders.
  • Retinal vasculature assessment offers a potential window into brain health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate differences in retinal vasculature between individuals with SSD and healthy controls.
  • To compare macular and optic nerve head (ONH) vascular density.
  • To analyze foveal avascular zone (FAZ) characteristics.

Main Methods:

  • Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) scans of the macula and ONH were performed on 90 participants (51 with SSD, 39 controls).
  • En face images were processed to quantify skeletonized vessel densities in different regions.
  • Comparisons included vessel density, FAZ size, and acircularity index between groups.

Main Results:

  • Significantly decreased vessel density was found in the temporal ONH region of the SSD group compared to controls (p=0.033).
  • This reduction in temporal ONH vessel density was also evident in younger adults with SSD (p=0.006).
  • No significant differences were observed in other ONH regions, overall ONH, macular regions, overall macula, FAZ size, or FAZ acircularity.

Conclusions:

  • Data suggest abnormal peripapillary retinal vasculature in individuals with SSD.
  • The findings indicate potential ocular vascular deficits associated with SSD.
  • Further research is needed to determine if these vascular changes are specific to the eye or linked to systemic abnormalities in SSD.