Antithrombotic Polymers: A Narrative Review on Current and Future Strategies for Their Design, Synthesis, and...

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Polymer Chemistry
• Cardiovascular Medicine

Background:

• Thromboembolism, including arterial and venous thrombosis, is a leading global cause of mortality.
• Microvascular thrombosis, exacerbated by sepsis, inflammation, and COVID-19, significantly contributes to mortality.
• Developing advanced therapies for thrombosis is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent advancements in antithrombotic polymer design.
• To discuss mechanisms, surface modifications, and applications of these polymers.
• To identify future research directions for improved antithrombotic materials.

Main Methods:

• Summarizing recent research on antithrombotic polymers.
• Analyzing mechanisms of action and surface-modification strategies.
• Evaluating clinical and preclinical applications and testing methods.

Main Results:

• Recent advances focus on antithrombotic polymers with specific mechanisms and surface modifications.
• Hemocompatibility evaluation and testing methods are critical for material development.
• Key barriers to clinical translation of antithrombotic materials exist.

Conclusions:

• Multifunctional polymers combining antifouling, drug release, and bioresistance show promise.
• Further research is needed to bridge the gap between antithrombotic material development and clinical implementation.
• Addressing thromboembolic complications requires continued innovation in antithrombotic materials.