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Impact of Early Weight Catch-Up on 6-Year Neurodevelopment and Overweight/Obesity in Children Born

Hyun Ah Woo1, Seon Young Kim1, Eun Hye Lee1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.

Children (Basel, Switzerland)
|January 28, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Children born small-for-gestational-age (SGA) with lower weight-for-age z-scores at 2 years had higher risks of suboptimal neurodevelopment. Conversely, SGA children with higher WAZ at 2 years faced significantly increased risks of overweight and obesity by age 6.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric endocrinology
  • Developmental pediatrics
  • Public health

Background:

  • Children born small-for-gestational-age (SGA) exhibit diverse growth trajectories and developmental vulnerabilities.
  • Early growth patterns in SGA children are critical for long-term health outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between weight-for-age z-scores (WAZ) at 2 years and neurodevelopmental and obesity risks at 6 years in children born SGA.
  • To identify specific weight status categories at age 2 that predict later developmental and metabolic outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • A population-based cohort study utilized South Korean National Health Insurance Service data (N=39,809).
  • Children were categorized into four groups based on WAZ at 2 years.
  • Neurodevelopment assessed via Korean Developmental Screening Test (K-DST); overweight/obesity defined by BMI-for-age z-scores at 6 years.

Main Results:

  • Suboptimal neurodevelopment prevalence was highest in the lowest WAZ group (G1, 5.03%) and the highest WAZ group (G4, 3.75%).
  • G1 showed a significantly increased risk of suboptimal neurodevelopment (aOR: 1.544).
  • Obesity prevalence at age 6 was markedly highest in G4 (19.60%), with significantly elevated risks for overweight (aOR: 9.94) and obesity (aOR: 14.29).

Conclusions:

  • Weight status at 2 years is a significant predictor of neurodevelopmental and obesity risks at 6 years in SGA children.
  • Early weight monitoring and targeted interventions are crucial for optimizing long-term health in this population.
Abstract

Keywords:
childrendevelopmentobesitypopulation-based studysmall for gestational age

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