Hybrid Intelligent Nonlinear Optimization for FDA-MIMO Passive Microwave Arrays Radar on Static Platforms

Area of Science:

• Electromagnetics and Wave Propagation
• Antenna Theory and Design
• Signal Processing

Background:

• Passive microwave array components are crucial for 5G/6G, automotive radar, and sensing.
• Current designs face limitations in spatial resolution and interference suppression due to fixed geometry and single-frequency excitation.
• Existing Frequency-Diverse Array Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (FDA-MIMO) architectures suffer from range-angle coupling and limited beamforming flexibility.

Purpose of the Study:

• To propose a nonlinear frequency-offset design for passive microwave arrays to overcome limitations of current architectures.
• To enhance spatial-spectral degrees of freedom for improved focusing and interference suppression.
• To develop a robust optimization strategy addressing multiple objectives and environmental perturbations.

Main Methods:

• A Dingo-Gray Wolf hybrid intelligent optimizer was employed for nonlinear frequency-offset design.
• A multi-metric fitness function was utilized to simultaneously optimize sidelobe suppression, null shaping, and frequency-offset smoothness.
• Simulations were conducted in static scenarios to evaluate performance under spatial-spectral mismatches.

Main Results:

• The proposed method achieved high-resolution two-dimensional focusing, surpassing conventional approaches.
• Significant enhancement in interference suppression capabilities was demonstrated.
• Stable performance was observed even under realistic spatial-spectral mismatches, indicating robustness.

Conclusions:

• The nonlinear frequency-offset design effectively improves the controllability and robustness of passive microwave array components on static platforms.
• This approach offers a promising solution for advanced communication and sensing systems requiring precise spatial-spectral control.
• The hybrid intelligent optimization strategy provides a powerful tool for designing complex RF front-end elements.