Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Structures of Solids02:22

Structures of Solids

17.7K
Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
17.7K
Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

20.6K
Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
20.6K
Network Covalent Solids02:18

Network Covalent Solids

16.1K
Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
To break or to melt a covalent network solid, covalent bonds must be broken. Because covalent bonds are relatively strong, covalent network solids are typically...
16.1K
Rocket Propulsion in Gravitational Field - II01:03

Rocket Propulsion in Gravitational Field - II

2.8K
A rocket's velocity in the presence of a gravitational field is decreased by the amount of force exerted by Earth's gravitational field, which opposes the motion of the rocket. If we consider thrust, that is, the force exerted on a rocket by the exhaust gases, then a rocket's thrust is greater in outer space than in the atmosphere or on a launch pad. In fact, gases are easier to expel in a vacuum.
A rocket's acceleration depends on three major factors, consistent with the...
2.8K
Rocket Propulsion in Empty Space - I01:13

Rocket Propulsion in Empty Space - I

3.8K
The driving force for the motion of any vehicle is friction, but in the case of rocket propulsion in space, the friction force is not present. The motion of a rocket changes its velocity (and hence its momentum) by ejecting burned fuel gases, thus causing it to accelerate in the direction opposite to the velocity of the ejected fuel. In this situation, the mass and velocity of the rocket constantly change along with the total mass of ejected gases. Due to conservation of momentum, the...
3.8K
Rocket Propulsion In Empty Space - II01:12

Rocket Propulsion In Empty Space - II

3.5K
The motion of a rocket is governed by the conservation of momentum principle. A rocket's momentum changes by the same amount (with the opposite sign) as the ejected gases. As time goes by, the rocket's mass (which includes the mass of the remaining fuel) continuously decreases, and its velocity increases. Therefore, the principle of conservation of momentum is used to explain the dynamics of a rocket's motion. The ideal rocket equation gives the change in velocity that a rocket...
3.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Ultra-High-Velocity Penetration Performance of Lightweight W-Based Ceramic Alloy Rod Penetrator Against Concrete Targets.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Heterogeneous Composite Design and 3D Printing Parameter Optimization of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Ceramic Triply Periodic Minimal Surface Structures.

ACS materials Au·2026
Same author

Bioinspired Electrostatic-Field Perturbated Sensing for General Material Noncontact Perception.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2026
Same author

Dipole-Spin Synergy in PdO/YMn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> Enables Fast Ozone Decomposition from -45 to >45 °C at High Humidity.

Environmental science & technology·2026
Same author

Association between frailty and postoperative delirium after transcatheter aortic valve replacement: a meta-analysis.

Frontiers in psychiatry·2026
Same author

Single-cell transcriptomic profiling of the chicken spleen reveals cell-type-specific immune responses to Salmonella infection.

Poultry science·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 29, 2026

Laboratory Scale Slow Cook-Off Testing of Rocket Propellants: The Combustion Rate Analysis of a Slowly Heated Propellant CRASH-P Test
06:52

Laboratory Scale Slow Cook-Off Testing of Rocket Propellants: The Combustion Rate Analysis of a Slowly Heated Propellant CRASH-P Test

Published on: February 6, 2021

4.4K

Flexible Three-Dimensional Stress Sensor for Embedded Monitoring of Solid Rocket Propellant.

Yaoguang Shi1, Xiaozhou Lü1, Kai Ren1

  • 1School of Aerospace Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China.

Micromachines
|January 28, 2026
PubMed
Summary

A new flexible 3D stress sensor (FSS) enables in situ monitoring of solid rocket motor (SRM) propellant health. This novel sensor accurately detects multiaxial stress differences within propellants, crucial for SRM operational safety.

Keywords:
flexible three-dimensional stress sensorhealth monitoringliquid metalsolid rocket motor

More Related Videos

Scalable Solution-processed Fabrication Strategy for High-performance, Flexible, Transparent Electrodes with Embedded Metal Mesh
11:09

Scalable Solution-processed Fabrication Strategy for High-performance, Flexible, Transparent Electrodes with Embedded Metal Mesh

Published on: June 23, 2017

10.7K
Imaging Approaches to Assessments of Toxicological Oxidative Stress Using Genetically-encoded Fluorogenic Sensors
09:33

Imaging Approaches to Assessments of Toxicological Oxidative Stress Using Genetically-encoded Fluorogenic Sensors

Published on: February 7, 2018

7.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 29, 2026

Laboratory Scale Slow Cook-Off Testing of Rocket Propellants: The Combustion Rate Analysis of a Slowly Heated Propellant CRASH-P Test
06:52

Laboratory Scale Slow Cook-Off Testing of Rocket Propellants: The Combustion Rate Analysis of a Slowly Heated Propellant CRASH-P Test

Published on: February 6, 2021

4.4K
Scalable Solution-processed Fabrication Strategy for High-performance, Flexible, Transparent Electrodes with Embedded Metal Mesh
11:09

Scalable Solution-processed Fabrication Strategy for High-performance, Flexible, Transparent Electrodes with Embedded Metal Mesh

Published on: June 23, 2017

10.7K
Imaging Approaches to Assessments of Toxicological Oxidative Stress Using Genetically-encoded Fluorogenic Sensors
09:33

Imaging Approaches to Assessments of Toxicological Oxidative Stress Using Genetically-encoded Fluorogenic Sensors

Published on: February 7, 2018

7.9K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Aerospace Engineering
  • Sensor Technology

Background:

  • Solid rocket motors (SRMs) are vital for space exploration due to their reliability and high thrust.
  • Monitoring SRM propellant health throughout their lifecycle is critical for operational safety.
  • Existing methods lack in situ detection of three-dimensional stress within propellants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel flexible three-dimensional stress sensor (FSS) for in situ detection of multiaxial stress in SRMs.
  • To design, model, fabricate, and characterize a liquid metal-based stress sensing element.
  • To validate the FSS's capability in detecting stress differences within simulated propellant environments.

Main Methods:

  • Numerical modeling and finite element analysis of a variable cross-section liquid metal pressure-sensing element.
  • Fabrication of the sensing element prototype using mold casting and liquid metal injection.
  • Integration of multiple sensing elements and encapsulation to create the FSS, followed by characterization with simulated propellant experiments.

Main Results:

  • The fabricated sensing element prototype demonstrated a sensitivity coefficient of 1.5%/kPa at 300 kPa, with a maximum hysteresis error of 3.98% and stability error of 0.17%.
  • The developed FSS successfully detected multiaxial stress differences when embedded within a simulated propellant.
  • Experimental results showed good agreement with simulation predictions.

Conclusions:

  • The novel flexible 3D stress sensor (FSS) is effective for in situ monitoring of propellant stress in solid rocket motors.
  • The FSS technology offers a promising solution for enhancing SRM health monitoring and operational safety.
  • This advancement contributes to the reliability and safety of space exploration missions utilizing SRMs.