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Planar and Three-Dimensional Printing of Conductive Inks
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Three-Dimensionally Printed Paediatric Medicines: Formulation, Process, and Regulatory Considerations.

Krisztina Petrinca1, Zsófia Németh1, Ildikó Csóka1

  • 1Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Eötvös Street 6, 6720 Szeged, Hungary.

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|January 28, 2026
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Summary

Developing personalized 3D-printed medicines offers a promising solution for pediatric patients, addressing challenges in dose accuracy, palatability, and adherence for safer, more effective pharmacotherapy.

Keywords:
3D printing3D-printed medicineindividualised therapypaediatric dosage formspaediatrics

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Pediatric Medicine

Background:

  • Pediatric formulations face challenges due to age-dependent physiological and pharmacokinetic variability in children.
  • Modifying adult medicines for pediatric use can lead to dosing errors, contamination, and reduced efficacy.
  • Existing challenges necessitate innovative approaches for safe and effective pediatric drug delivery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the physiological, technological, and regulatory aspects of developing 3D-printed pediatric medicines.
  • To discuss critical quality and performance attributes for 3D-printed pediatric dosage forms.
  • To explore the evolving regulatory landscape for 3D-printed medicinal products.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on pediatric formulations and 3D printing technology.
  • Analysis of critical quality and performance attributes for 3D-printed medicines.
  • Discussion of regulatory considerations and Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) for pediatric 3D-printed drugs.

Main Results:

  • 3D printing enables personalized pediatric dosage forms with adjustable strengths and controlled release.
  • Child-friendly shapes and improved palatability can enhance medication acceptance and adherence.
  • Key attributes like dose accuracy, stability, and reproducibility are crucial for 3D-printed pediatric medicines.

Conclusions:

  • 3D printing holds transformative potential for personalized pediatric pharmacotherapy.
  • Addressing technological and regulatory factors is essential for successful implementation.
  • This technology offers a pathway to safer, more effective, and tailored medicines for children.