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Shape Memory Polymers for Active Cell Culture
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Advanced Design Concepts for Shape-Memory Polymers in Biomedical Applications and Soft Robotics.

Anastasia A Fetisova1,2, Maria A Surmeneva1,2, Roman A Surmenev1,2

  • 1Physical Materials Science and Composite Materials Centre, Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 30 Lenina Avenue, Tomsk 634050, Russia.

Polymers
|January 28, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Shape-memory polymers (SMPs) are smart materials that recover their original shape when triggered by stimuli. This review covers SMP fundamentals, fabrication, and biomedical applications, highlighting challenges for wider use.

Keywords:
additive manufacturingbiodegradable polymersregenerative medicineshape-memory polymers

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Science
  • Materials Science
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Shape-memory polymers (SMPs) are smart materials with shape recovery capabilities triggered by external stimuli like heat or light.
  • SMPs offer large recoverable strains, tunable properties, and are processable via additive manufacturing, making them suitable for biomedical devices and soft robotics.
  • Their biocompatibility and potential bioresorbability further enhance their appeal for medical applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in the fundamentals, classification, activation mechanisms, and fabrication of SMPs.
  • To focus on design principles influencing SMP performance for specific applications.
  • To critically evaluate manufacturing techniques and discuss biodegradable SMPs for biomedical uses.

Main Methods:

  • Summarized recent progress in SMP research, covering both thermally and non-thermally activated systems.
  • Discussed methods for controlling activation temperatures (plasticisation, copolymerisation, cross-linking density modulation).
  • Evaluated manufacturing techniques and highlighted biodegradable SMPs in devices like haemostatic foams and bone scaffolds.

Main Results:

  • SMPs show promise for biomedical devices and soft robotics due to their unique properties and processability.
  • Functional nanofillers can enhance SMP thermal/electrical conductivity and mechanical strength.
  • Biodegradable SMPs demonstrate potential in applications such as haemostatic foams, embolic implants, and bone scaffolds.

Conclusions:

  • SMPs offer significant potential in biomedical and robotics fields, driven by their smart properties and manufacturing versatility.
  • Challenges such as non-uniform activation, balancing mechanical strength with shape recovery, and standardization need to be addressed for widespread application.
  • Overcoming these challenges is crucial for translating SMP research into clinical and industrial use.