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Dietary Inflammatory Index and Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Japanese Men
Ayaka Kotemori1, Kumiko Kito1,2, Motoki Iwasaki2,3
1Department of Food and Life Science, School of Life and Environmental Science, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara 252-5201, Japan.
Nutrients
|January 28, 2026
Summary
Consuming pro-inflammatory diets increases colorectal cancer risk in Japanese men. Alcohol consumption further elevates this risk, particularly for proximal colon cancer, suggesting dietary changes can aid prevention.
Area of Science:
- Epidemiology
- Nutritional Science
- Oncology
Background:
- Unhealthy lifestyles contribute to chronic inflammation, a known risk factor for colorectal cancer.
- Limited research exists on dietary inflammation's impact on colorectal cancer in East Asian populations.
- This study investigates the association between dietary inflammation and colorectal cancer in Japanese men.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine the association between the energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index (E-DII) and colorectal cancer incidence in Japanese men.
- To explore potential interactions between dietary inflammation and lifestyle factors on colorectal cancer risk.
- To provide evidence for dietary modification strategies in colorectal cancer prevention.
Main Methods:
- Prospective cohort study involving 38,807 Japanese men aged 45-74 years (JPHC Study).
- Dietary intake assessed using a food frequency questionnaire to calculate E-DII.
- Cox proportional hazards regression models used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), with interaction terms for lifestyle factors.
Main Results:
- A trend towards increased colorectal cancer risk was observed with higher E-DII scores (p-trend = 0.08).
- Significantly increased colon cancer risk was associated with pro-inflammatory diets (HR: 1.28; p-trend = 0.03).
- A significant interaction between E-DII and alcohol consumption was found for proximal colon cancer risk (p-interaction = 0.01).
Conclusions:
- Pro-inflammatory diets are linked to increased colorectal cancer risk in Japanese men.
- Alcohol consumption exacerbates this risk, especially for proximal colon cancer.
- Dietary modifications, particularly reducing pro-inflammatory food intake, may help prevent colorectal cancer.
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