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Common Radiographic Findings in Moroccan Working Equids: A Retrospective Study (2015-2022).

Zineb El Brini1, Ichrak Mhar2, Fatima Ezzahra Bouktaib3

  • 1Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Reproduction, Agronomy and Veterinary Institute Hassan II, Rabat 10000, Morocco.

Veterinary Sciences
|January 28, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Musculoskeletal disorders are common in working equids due to strenuous work. Radiography revealed that over 76% of these animals had abnormalities, particularly in the foot and distal limb.

Keywords:
animal welfarefoot-related changesfracturesmusculoskeletal disordersperiosteal new bone formationradiographyworking equids

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Radiology
  • Equine Orthopedics
  • Animal Welfare Science

Background:

  • Working equids face significant musculoskeletal challenges from labor and environment.
  • Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are prevalent in working equids, impacting their welfare and utility.
  • Understanding MSD distribution is crucial for targeted interventions in working equid populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the prevalence and types of radiographically detected musculoskeletal findings in working equids.
  • To analyze the distribution of osseous abnormalities in horses, donkeys, and mules under field conditions.
  • To evaluate the utility of radiography for diagnosing MSDs in low-resource settings.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 1125 radiographs from 498 working equids (horses, donkeys, mules).
  • Data collected from four Society for the Protection of Animals Abroad (SPANA) centers in Morocco (2015-2022).
  • Focus on radiographic findings in the distal limb, particularly the foot, pastern, and fetlock.

Main Results:

  • Over 76% of equids exhibited at least one radiographic abnormality.
  • Most frequent findings included foot-related changes (36.2%), fractures (29.7%), and periosteal new bone formation (22%).
  • Degenerative joint disease and other abnormalities were less common.

Conclusions:

  • Radiography is valuable for identifying musculoskeletal abnormalities in working equids in field settings.
  • Foot and distal limb pathologies are highly prevalent, indicating a need for targeted care.
  • Findings support the use of radiography in low-resource environments for equine welfare studies.