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Adaptive Decision-Making Under Pressure: Effects of Control Mode-Cognitive Resource Alignment on Performance Within
Jiwon W Kim1, Reid W Stanslaski1, Michael C Dorneich1
1Iowa State University, USA.
Human Factors
|January 28, 2026
Summary
Task demand and experience shape cognitive control. Aligning control modes with perceived cognitive resources is crucial for effective decision-making and enhanced performance under pressure.
Area of Science:
- Cognitive psychology
- Human factors engineering
- Decision science
Background:
- Adaptive decision-making is critical in high-stakes environments.
- The Contextual Control Model (COCOM) proposes control modes based on available time, but empirical validation is limited.
Purpose of the Study:
- Investigate the influence of task demand and experience on cognitive resources and control modes.
- Examine how these factors affect performance under pressure.
- Analyze control mode-cognitive resource mismatches within the COCOM framework.
Main Methods:
- 37 participants engaged in an air traffic control simulation.
- Experience was varied across three sessions; task complexity was manipulated across four levels.
- Perceived cognitive resources and control mode were assessed via questionnaires; performance was logged.
Main Results:
- Cognitive resources declined with task demand but rose with experience.
- More planful control modes were adopted with increased resources and experience.
- Resource appraisals mediated task demand's effect on control mode.
- Planful control enhanced performance with high resources and complex tasks; mismatches led to performance decline.
Conclusions:
- Findings support a mechanistic pathway for adaptive cognitive control.
- Task demand and experience influence cognitive resource appraisals, impacting control mode and performance.
- Alignment between control mode and cognitive resources is key for optimal decision-making and performance.
Keywords:
contextual controlcumulative experienceexpert-novice differencessituated cognitionstrategy-resource alignmentMore Related Videos
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