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High-dimensional co-expression network analysis reveals persistent TRH gene expression throughout axolotl
Iveth Gómez-Morales1, Adriana P Mendizabal-Ruiz2, J Alejandro Morales1
1Biodigital Innovation Lab. Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
Frontiers in Bioinformatics
|January 28, 2026
Summary
Axolotls can regenerate their brain's telencephalon after injury. This study identified key genes, including Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone (TRH), involved in this remarkable brain regeneration process.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Regenerative Medicine
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- The axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) exhibits remarkable telencephalon regeneration, a capacity rare in vertebrates.
- Understanding the genetic underpinnings of this regeneration is crucial for advancing regenerative medicine.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify key genes (hub genes) driving axolotl telencephalon regeneration.
- To map the cellular locations of these hub genes during the regeneration process.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of spatiotemporal transcriptomic data.
- Application of high-dimensional weighted gene co-expression network analysis (hdWGCNA).
- Integration with protein-protein interaction networks and literature validation.
Main Results:
- Identification of 180 hub genes throughout the regeneration timeline.
- Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone (TRH) consistently emerged as a hub gene, localized to MSN-enriched regions.
- Discovered stage- and cell-specific gene patterns, revealing a dynamic transcriptional landscape.
Conclusions:
- A comprehensive gene co-expression map of axolotl telencephalon regeneration was generated.
- Key hub genes and transcriptional states, including a TRH-linked MSN state, were identified.
- These findings provide a foundation for future research into axolotl brain repair mechanisms.
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