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Reliability assessment of markerless technologies in biomechanical motion analysis: a performance comparison
Ibrahim Cem Balci1, Irem Sayin1, Serkan Salturk2
1Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Türkiye.
Frontiers in Sports and Active Living
|January 28, 2026
Summary
StereoLabs ZED 2i demonstrated the highest reliability in markerless motion capture for biomechanics research, outperforming other systems. This study provides crucial insights for selecting accurate body tracking technologies.
Area of Science:
- Biomechanics
- Motion Capture Technology
- Human Movement Analysis
Background:
- Accurate body tracking is essential in health and sports for reliable data collection.
- Choosing the right motion capture system is critical for study design and validity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate and compare the reliability of various markerless motion capture systems against a marker-based gold standard.
- To assess the performance of StereoLabs ZED 2i, MediaPipe (2D and 3D), and YOLOv8 Pose for biomechanical analysis.
Main Methods:
- Comparison of markerless systems (StereoLabs ZED 2i, MediaPipe, YOLOv8 Pose) with a marker-based system (OptiTrack).
- Analysis of simple upper and lower limb movements under controlled conditions.
- Utilized Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) and Bland-Altman analysis for reliability assessment.
Main Results:
- StereoLabs ZED 2i exhibited the highest reliability (ICC: 0.92 multi-camera, 0.88 single-camera).
- MediaPipe 2D also showed strong performance with an ICC of 0.85.
- Identified significant performance differences among markerless systems.
Conclusions:
- StereoLabs ZED 2i is a highly reliable markerless motion capture option for biomechanical applications.
- Findings highlight the need for careful system selection and inform future development of precise motion-tracking technologies.
- Contributes to understanding the practical application of markerless technologies in biomechanics.
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