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Related Concept Videos

Notch Signaling Pathway03:14

Notch Signaling Pathway

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The Notch signaling pathway is a major intracellular signaling pathway that is highly conserved over a broad spectrum of metazoan species. It stands unique from other intracellular signaling mechanisms in animals because notch protein itself acts as the receptor as well as the primary signaling molecule.
The Notch gene came into the limelight in 1914 after the discovery that its mutation in Drosophila melanogaster leads to a serrated (or "notched") wing margin phenotype. It was not...
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The Hedgehog gene (Hh) was first discovered due to its control of the growth of disorganized, hair-like bristles phenotype in Drosophila, much like hedgehog spines. Hh plays a crucial role in the development of organs and the maintenance of homeostasis in both invertebrates and vertebrates. However, while Drosophila has only one Hh protein, mammals have multiple functional Hedgehog proteins - Sonic (Shh), Desert (Dhh), and Indian Hedgehog (Ihh). All of these homologous proteins have adapted to...
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Interactions Between Signaling Pathways01:19

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Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
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Non-Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathways01:41

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Wnt is a zygotic effect gene that is expressed during very early embryonic development. It regulates various processes in animals starting from early development through the adult stage, such as organogenesis in the embryo and maintenance of neuronal and blood stem cells. Wnt proteins can induce a wide variety of intracellular pathways depending upon the specific abilities of different Wnt ligands to form a complex with shared and cognate receptors in the presence of different co-receptors. The...
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Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathway02:54

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The gene encoding the main signaling molecules of the Wnt signaling pathways (the Wnt proteins) was discovered almost four decades ago by Nüsslein-Volhard and Wieschaus. They identified and originally named the gene "wingless" (wg) after a phenotype discovered during their landmark genetic screen in Drosophila for body pattern defects. At around the same time, another researcher named Harold Varmus found that a murine tumor virus activates the mammalian wg homolog, Int-1, which...
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NF-κB-dependent Signaling Pathway02:26

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The transcription factor NF-κB was discovered in 1986 in the lab of Nobel laureate Professor David Baltimore, for its interaction with the immunoglobulin light chain enhancer in B-cells. After more than three decades of study, it is now evident that NF-κB regulates the expression of over 100 genes. Most of these genes play an essential role in the innate and adaptive immune responses as well as the inflammatory responses of animals.
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Quantification of Antibody-dependent Enhancement of the Zika Virus in Primary Human Cells
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Non-Targeting shRNA-Encoded Plasmid DNA Enhances Protective Immunity Through RIDD-RIG-I Signaling Pathway in the Zika

Min-Syuan Huang1,2, Hung-Chun Liao1, Po Peng3

  • 1National Institute of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|January 28, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel DNA vaccine for Zika virus (ZIKV) using short hairpin RNA (shRNA) as an adjuvant to boost immune responses. The enhanced DNA vaccine demonstrated improved efficacy in preclinical models, offering a promising platform for infectious disease prevention.

Keywords:
Zika virusimmunogenicitymolecular adjuvantsnon‐targeting shRNAregulated IRE1‐dependent decay (RIDD) pathway

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Generation of Recombinant Influenza Virus from Plasmid DNA
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Area of Science:

  • Vaccinology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • DNA vaccines offer cost-effective, stable platforms for infectious disease control.
  • Limited immunogenicity of DNA vaccines necessitates strategies to enhance immune responses.
  • Zika virus (ZIKV) remains a significant public health concern, requiring effective vaccine solutions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an enhanced DNA vaccine for ZIKV using a novel intrinsic molecular adjuvant.
  • To investigate the mechanism by which shRNA enhances innate immune signaling and vaccine immunogenicity.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of the developed DNA vaccine in preclinical murine models.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a DNA vaccine encoding ZIKV prM-E proteins incorporating a non-targeting shRNA.
  • Investigation of shRNA-mediated activation of the IRE1α pathway and RIG-I signaling.
  • Assessment of vaccine-induced humoral and cellular immunity, neutralizing antibody titers, viremia, and survival in murine models.

Main Results:

  • The DNA vaccine with shRNA adjuvant elicited robust ZIKV-specific humoral and cellular immune responses.
  • Significant increase in neutralizing antibody titers and improved survival rates were observed in vaccinated AGB6 mice.
  • Reduced viremia and enhanced innate immune signaling through RIG-I activation were confirmed.

Conclusions:

  • The developed DNA vaccine effectively enhances immunogenicity without targeting host genes, utilizing shRNA as an intrinsic adjuvant.
  • This approach provides a scalable and adaptable platform for developing next-generation DNA vaccines against infectious diseases.
  • The findings support the potential of shRNA-based adjuvants for improving DNA vaccine efficacy.