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Electrolyte engineering is key to improving aqueous battery cathode stability by addressing interface reactions. This review details cathode fading mechanisms and advances in electrolyte modification for better battery performance.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Cathode material stability is critical for aqueous battery performance.
  • Electrolyte-interface reactions significantly impact cathode degradation.
  • Electrolyte engineering offers a direct solution for aqueous electrolyte interface issues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review cathode fading mechanisms in various aqueous battery systems.
  • To summarize advancements in electrolyte engineering for enhancing cathode stability.
  • To identify future research directions for aqueous battery electrolyte design.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of cathode fading mechanisms.
  • Analysis of electrolyte engineering strategies (bulk modification, additives, water-in-salt, hydrogels).
  • Synthesis of current research progress and future outlook.

Main Results:

  • Detailed summary of fading mechanisms for manganese/vanadium, chalcogen, halogen, Prussian blue analogue, and Ni(OH)2 cathodes.
  • Overview of electrolyte modifications improving cathode stability.
  • Identification of key challenges and opportunities in electrolyte design.

Conclusions:

  • Electrolyte engineering is a vital strategy for stabilizing aqueous battery cathodes.
  • Continued research into novel electrolytes is essential for high-performance aqueous batteries.
  • Addressing interface chemistry is paramount for future electrolyte development.