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Mitigating Illumination Sensitive Dark Current in Inverted Organic Photodiodes by ZnO Defect Passivation.

Apurva Gadikar1,2, Yi Yang1,2, Yusen Pei1,2

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
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PubMed
Summary

Researchers stabilized organic photodiodes (OPDs) by applying a polyelectrolyte interlayer to the zinc oxide (ZnO) electron transport layer (ETL). This improved device photostability and reduced dark current under illumination.

Keywords:
dark current stabilitydefect passivationlight-soaking effectorganic photodiodeszinc oxide

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Organic Electronics
  • Device Physics

Background:

  • Organic photodiodes (OPDs) offer tunable spectral response and solution-processable fabrication.
  • High-performance inverted OPDs with ZnO ETL suffer from light-soaking effect, increasing dark current and reducing reliability.
  • The light-soaking effect is triggered by light exposure, particularly UV, causing reversible signal instability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address the light-soaking effect in ZnO-based inverted OPDs.
  • To enhance the photostability and reliability of organic photodiodes.
  • To investigate an interfacial passivation strategy for ZnO ETL.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of inverted OPDs with a ZnO electron transport layer (ETL).
  • Introduction of a PNDIT-F3N-Br conjugated polyelectrolyte interlayer at the ZnO/bulk heterojunction (BHJ) interface.
  • Characterization using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and trap density analysis.

Main Results:

  • The PNDIT-F3N-Br interlayer suppressed oxygen adsorption at the ZnO/BHJ interface.
  • Interfacial modification led to increased shunt resistance and reduced trap density.
  • Modified OPDs exhibited significantly enhanced photostability with minimal dark current variation under illumination.

Conclusions:

  • Interfacial passivation with a conjugated polyelectrolyte effectively mitigates the light-soaking effect in ZnO-based OPDs.
  • The strategy enhances device stability by improving interface properties and reducing defects.
  • This work enables the development of more reliable and high-performance organic optoelectronic devices.