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Updated: Jul 16, 2026

Spray-Coated Melanin/PEDOT:PSS Films for Sustainable Organic Electrochemical Transistors
08:26

Spray-Coated Melanin/PEDOT:PSS Films for Sustainable Organic Electrochemical Transistors

Published on: October 28, 2025

Ion-backbone accessibility enables unity doping efficiency in organic electrochemical transistors.

Won Jun Pyo1,2, Kyeong-Jun Jeong3,4, Jordan Shanahan2

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea.

Nature Communications
|July 14, 2026
PubMed
Summary

A new metric, effective volumetric capacitance, reveals that optimizing charge carrier density, not just ion uptake, enhances organic electrochemical transistors. This finding guides the design of high-performance organic electronics.

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Published on: October 28, 2025

Translating Extracellular Electron Transfer Activities with Organic Electrochemical Transistors
10:44

Translating Extracellular Electron Transfer Activities with Organic Electrochemical Transistors

Published on: January 31, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Organic Electronics
  • Electrochemistry

Background:

  • Volumetric capacitance (C*) is a common metric for organic electrochemical transistors.
  • C* does not differentiate between Faradaic and non-Faradaic processes, limiting its ability to quantify active charge carriers.
  • This limits understanding of doping capacity in organic electronic devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Introduce effective volumetric capacitance (Ceff* = C* · η) as a metric for electronically effective volumetric doping.
  • Quantify the role of doping efficiency (η) in device performance.
  • Establish a design rule for organic mixed conductors.

Main Methods:

  • Developed and applied the effective volumetric capacitance metric.
  • Investigated the impact of ionophilic side chains on ionic uptake and doping efficiency.
  • Analyzed the effect of side-chain removal on ion access and doping efficiency.
  • Fabricated and characterized organic electrochemical transistors.

Main Results:

  • Ionophilic side chains increase ionic uptake but reduce doping efficiency by sequestering ions.
  • Removing side chains enhances ion access to the conjugated backbone, achieving doping efficiencies near unity.
  • Materials with optimized doping efficiency showed increased volumetric charge density and improved charge transport.
  • Resulting transistors exhibited high transconductance.

Conclusions:

  • Effective volumetric capacitance is a superior metric for evaluating organic electrochemical transistors.
  • Electronically effective doping, not solely ionic uptake, is critical for transistor performance.
  • Side-chain engineering is a key strategy for designing high-performance organic mixed conductors.