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Diversity in operative coaching: exploring gender and race differences in evaluations
Theresa N Wang1, E Christopher Ellison2, Michael R Go2
1Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, 395 W 12 Ave Suite 670, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA. theresanwang@gmail.com.
Surgical Endoscopy
|January 28, 2026
Summary
Gender and race impact operative coaching (OC) evaluations. Faculty rated residents differently based on gender and race, highlighting potential biases in surgical training assessments.
Area of Science:
- Medical Education
- Surgical Training
- Health Equity
Background:
- Operative coaching (OC) is crucial for developing surgical competency.
- Investigating demographic differences in OC evaluations can optimize training.
- This study examines gender and race disparities in OC feedback.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify gender and race differences in operative coaching evaluations.
- To understand how faculty and resident self-assessments vary by demographic factors.
- To inform strategies for reducing bias in surgical education.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of 693 operative coaching evaluations.
- Involved 36 faculty surgeons and 66 general surgery residents (PGY2-5).
- Utilized the Surgical Entrustable Professional Activities instrument for scoring.
Main Results:
- Male residents reported higher self-scores for performance and autonomy.
- Faculty consistently scored residents higher than self-assessments, with minimal gender differences.
- Faculty assigned higher scores to White residents and lower scores to Black residents, particularly in technical skills.
Conclusions:
- Gender and race significantly influence operative coaching scores and self-evaluations.
- Awareness of potential biases in faculty grading is essential.
- Open discussion of biases is recommended for reflective practice in surgical training.
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