Integrating Cancer Education Into High School Curricula

Cancer is a leading cause of death and its incidence is rising among younger populations, yet formal cancer education is rarely included in U.S. high school curricula. Adolescence is a critical period for establishing lifelong health behaviors, and emerging evidence suggests that school-based cancer education can improve knowledge, shift attitudes, and promote risk-reducing behaviors. In this narrative review, we summarize studies of high school and middle school cancer education programs, including curricula focused on cancer biology, modifiable risk factors (e.g., tobacco, alcohol, diet, physical activity, ultraviolet exposure), HPV vaccination, and symptom awareness. Across diverse settings, brief classroom interventions, interactive modules, and service-learning projects consistently increased cancer literacy, recognition of warning signs, and intentions to adopt preventive behaviors, with some reports of early behavior change. We further highlight the potential of cancer education to address health inequities by improving health literacy, reducing stigma, and fostering trust in the medical system, particularly in communities with limited access to care or who are at significant risk of financial toxicity. Finally, we outline pragmatic strategies for integrating cancer content into existing science, health, and social science courses; leveraging electives and clubs; and partnering with healthcare professionals and community organizations. Integrating cancer education into high school represents a feasible, equity-promoting strategy to reduce future cancer risk.