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Lasing of a cavity-based X-ray source.

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Researchers demonstrate cavity-based X-ray free-electron lasers (CBXFELs) using diamond optics. This breakthrough enables spectrally pure, high-intensity X-ray pulses, paving the way for advanced X-ray science applications.

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Area of Science:

  • X-ray optics
  • Accelerator physics
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Lasers revolutionized visible light optics, but extending this to X-rays faced challenges with gain media and mirrors.
  • Current hard X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) facilities produce high brightness but suffer from noisy, multi-spiked temporal and spectral profiles.
  • Cavity-based XFELs (CBXFELs) were proposed to improve spectral purity by recirculating filtered X-ray pulses in a synchronized cavity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate lasing with multi-pass gain in a cavity-based XFEL setup.
  • To validate the use of diamond Bragg optics for X-ray resonators in an accelerator environment.
  • To establish the feasibility of CBXFELs for generating spectrally pure X-ray pulses.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a 132.8-m round-trip diamond-based Bragg cavity at the European XFEL.
  • Synchronized the cavity to the 2.23-MHz bunch spacing of the superconducting accelerator.
  • Maintained stringent length and angular stability requirements for the optical cavity.

Main Results:

  • Achieved lasing with multi-pass gain at 6.952 keV.
  • Observed a 'ring-up' of X-ray pulses across successive electron bunches within the cavity.
  • Produced spectrally pure, microjoule-level X-ray pulses.

Conclusions:

  • Established the feasibility of CBXFELs in a real accelerator environment.
  • Validated diamond Bragg optics as suitable for X-ray resonators.
  • The demonstrated spectral purity offers a pathway to next-generation X-ray science requiring coherent, stable sources.