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Submicron Size C@TiO2 with Multiple Resonance Effects for Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy and Photocatalysis.

Lin Zhu1, Xiaoyi Zhu1, Fangke Wang1

  • 1College of Chemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|January 28, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Noble-metal-free C@TiO2 submicrometer hollow shells were developed as a bifunctional material. This material shows enhanced photocatalytic degradation and high surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensitivity, offering new possibilities for catalyst development.

Keywords:
Mie resonanceSERSbifunctionalphotocatalystssemiconductor

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Photocatalysis

Background:

  • Semiconductor materials offer biocompatibility and stability but suffer from low sensitivity and enhancement factors in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS).
  • Developing novel materials is crucial to overcome these limitations for advanced SERS applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel, noble-metal-free submicrometer material, C@TiO2, with bifunctional capabilities for both photocatalysis and SERS.
  • To optimize the C@TiO2 shell thickness for enhanced electric field strength and improved performance.
  • To investigate the underlying mechanisms responsible for the material's enhanced activity.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of submicrometer C@TiO2 hollow-shell structures.
  • Optimization of shell thickness to tune electric field strength.
  • Photocatalytic degradation experiments using R6G and ciprofloxacin (CIP) under simulated sunlight.
  • Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) measurements to determine sensitivity and enhancement factor (EF).
  • Theoretical simulations (e.g., finite-difference time-domain) to understand resonance effects and electric field distribution.

Main Results:

  • Achieved high degradation rates: 97% for R6G in 14 min and 93% for CIP in 40 min.
  • Demonstrated excellent SERS sensitivity with an enhancement factor (EF) of 1.13 × 10^5.
  • Identified multiple resonance effects (Mie and CT resonance) in the hollow-shell structure.
  • Established a direct proportionality between electric field strength and photocatalytic activity.

Conclusions:

  • The submicrometer hollow-shell C@TiO2 is a highly effective bifunctional material for photocatalysis and SERS.
  • The material's performance is attributed to strong light trapping and Mie-resonance-induced electric fields, which reduce carrier recombination.
  • This work provides insights into SERS synergistic enhancement mechanisms and offers new avenues for photocatalyst development.