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Insight into emulsion gels stabilized by soy protein isolate-flavonoid complexes: based on structural, interfacial,
Baorui Li1, Shaokun Dou1, Qian Li1
1Institute of Food & Nutrition Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Food for Special Medical Purpose, Jinan, China.
None:
The effects of structurally relevant flavonoids (luteolin (Lu), quercetin (Qu), and rutin (Ru)) on the structural, interfacial, and emulsifying properties of soy protein isolate (SPI) were comprehensibly investigated. Additionally, the characteristics of emulsion gel stabilized by SPI-flavonoid complexes were thoroughly analyzed. Molecular docking analysis exhibited that these complexes were formed via hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions. Upon interaction with structurally relevant flavonoids, SPI exhibited enhanced conformational flexibility (low fluorescence intensity (1209.0 to 437.8 a. u.), decreased hydrophobicity (7546.7 to 5340.7), and increased α-helix (32.4 to 35.3 %) and random-coil contents (15.2 to 33.8 %)), improved oil-water interface properties (low interfacial tension and high interfacial protein concentration (62.2 to 68.2 %)), and superior emulsifying characteristics (low D3,4 (37.58 to 27.35 μm) and ζ-potential (-19.6 to -29.91 mv), high emulsifying activity index (17.33 to 28.71 m2/g) and emulsion stability index (26.67 to 44.67 %), and increased viscosity). After stabilization by SPI-flavonoid complexes, the texture analysis results indicated that the emulsion gel strength was further enhanced, exhibiting greater hardness, springiness, adhesiveness, and chewiness. Moreover, results from low-field nuclear magnetic resonance, scanning electron microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and rheology indicated that the emulsion gel stabilized by SPI-flavonoid complexes possessed high water-holding capacity, denser microstructure, and elevated G' and G'' values (G' > G''). Among the structurally different flavonoids, the enhancement effect followed the order: Ru > Qu > Lu. This research fill the gap in the formation mechanism of emulsion gels stabilized by SPI-flavonoids, offering an alternative strategy for designing soybean protein-based emulsion gel products with desirable functional properties.
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