Extraction, structure and bioactivities of polysaccharide from Achyranthes bidentata: A review

Achyranthes bidentata (AB), a prominent medicinal herb in traditional Chinese medicine, possesses diverse bioactive components responsible for its broad spectrum of pharmacological activities. Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharides (ABP) are bioactive constituents isolated from AB. Common extraction techniques include hot water, ultrasound-assisted, microwave-assisted, and enzyme-assisted extraction. Purification typically involves deproteinization followed by column chromatography. Variations in extraction and purification methods can lead to differences in the structural characteristics and biological activities of the final products. Current studies have demonstrated that ABP exhibit a range of biological activities, including immunomodulatory, anti-tumor, antioxidant, and anti-osteoporotic effects. This article systematically reviews the extraction, isolation, purification methods, and biological activities of ABP, aiming to provide a valuable reference for further research on these bioactive compounds.