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Related Concept Videos

Sampling Methods: Sample Types01:18

Sampling Methods: Sample Types

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Sampling materials are classified into three main types: solid, liquid, and gas.
Solid samples include a variety of substances, such as sediments from water bodies, soil, metals, and biological tissues. Two standard methods for extracting sediments from water bodies are grab sampling and piston coring. Grab sampling involves using a device to collect a discrete sediment sample from the bottom of a water body with minimal disturbance. Grab samples do not always represent the entire area due to...
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Convenience Sampling Method00:55

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Sampling is a technique to select a portion (or subset) of the larger population and study that portion (the sample) to gain information about the population. Data are the result of sampling from a population. The sampling method ensures that samples are drawn without bias and accurately represent the population.
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Clot Retraction and Fibrinolysis01:16

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After a fibrin clot is formed, the next step is clot retraction, a vital process facilitated by platelet contractile proteins, such as actin and myosin. These proteins pull the fibrin strands closer together and condense the clot. This action reduces the size of the clot, creating a smaller, denser structure that effectively seals off the damaged vessel. Clot retraction consolidates the clot and helps with wound healing by bringing the edges of the damaged blood vessel closer together.
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Sampling Methods: Overview01:06

Sampling Methods: Overview

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A sample refers to a smaller subset representative of a larger population. In analytical chemistry, studying or analyzing an entire population is often impractical or impossible. Therefore, samples are used to draw inferences and generalize the whole population. The sampling method selects individuals or items from a population to create a sample. Standard sampling methods include random, judgemental, systematic, stratified, and cluster sampling. 
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Systematic Sampling Method01:17

Systematic Sampling Method

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Sampling is a technique to select a portion (or subset) of the larger population and study that portion (the sample) to gain information about the population. Data are the result of sampling from a population. The sampling method ensures that samples are drawn without bias and accurately represent the population. Because measuring the entire population in a study is not practical, researchers use samples to represent the population of interest.
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Stratified Sampling Method01:16

Stratified Sampling Method

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Sampling is a technique to select a portion (or subset) of the larger population and study that portion (the sample) to gain information about the population. The sampling method ensures that samples are drawn without bias and accurately represent the population. Because measuring the entire population in a study is not practical, researchers use samples to represent the population of interest.
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Updated: Jan 30, 2026

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Nuclei Isolation Methods on Frozen Clotted Blood Samples.

Melissa Cuevas1, Kenneth Jones1, Nancy Hadley Miller1,2

  • 1Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.

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|January 29, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study presents a new protocol for isolating high-quality nuclei from frozen blood clots, enabling downstream applications like ATAC sequencing. This method preserves cell integrity without requiring cryopreservation, making it ideal for analyzing previously collected blood samples.

Keywords:
B cellsClotted bloodFlow cytometryFrozen blood samplesNuclei dissociationT cells

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Laboratories often discard or improperly freeze blood clots after serum separation, compromising DNA quality for extraction.
  • Existing methods for DNA extraction from frozen blood clots can lead to cell membrane fragility and reduced yield.
  • There is a need for a reliable protocol to isolate high-quality nucleic material from previously frozen blood samples.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe a protocol for isolating high-quality nuclei from leukocytes in whole blood samples that have been previously frozen without cryoprotective medium.
  • To demonstrate the suitability of these isolated nuclei for downstream genomic applications, including ATAC sequencing.
  • To enable precise cell population analysis through flow sorting of leukocytes from frozen blood clots.

Main Methods:

  • Isolation of high-quality nuclei from leukocytes in whole blood samples previously frozen without cryoprotective medium.
  • Utilizing Miltenyi's gentleMACS Octo Dissociator for sample processing.
  • Employing flow sorting to characterize and isolate specific cell populations, such as B cells and T cells.
  • Validation of the protocol through bulk ATAC-seq (assay for transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing).

Main Results:

  • Successfully isolated nuclei with intact nuclear envelopes suitable for bulk and single-cell sequencing.
  • Demonstrated the utility of isolated nuclei for ATAC sequencing, generating chromatin accessibility data.
  • Characterized and isolated B cells and T cells from previously frozen blood clots.
  • Confirmed protocol compatibility with previously frozen blood samples, even without prior cryopreservation.

Conclusions:

  • The described protocol effectively yields high-quality nuclei from frozen blood clots, suitable for advanced genomic analyses.
  • This method overcomes limitations associated with cell membrane fragility in previously frozen samples.
  • The protocol facilitates precise cell population isolation and downstream sequencing applications, enhancing the utility of archived blood samples.