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Active Pediatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Fars Province, Iran: Associations With Geographical and

Zahra Kanannejad1, Walter Robert Taylor2,3, Koorosh Nikaein4

  • 1Allergy Research Center Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran.

Health Science Reports
|January 29, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Living in urban areas and experiencing lower annual rainfall are key risk factors for active pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in Fars province. This research highlights environmental influences on pediatric SLE development.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Epidemiology
  • Autoimmune Diseases

Background:

  • Pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune condition.
  • Environmental factors like sunlight and temperature are known to influence SLE.
  • Understanding regional environmental impacts on pediatric SLE is crucial for public health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between meteorological and geographical factors and active pediatric SLE in Fars province, Iran.
  • To identify environmental risk factors contributing to the prevalence of pediatric SLE.
  • To inform targeted public health interventions for pediatric SLE.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective study of 143 pediatric patients with active SLE hospitalized between March 2016 and January 2023.
  • Geographical mapping of patient residences using Geographic Information System (GIS) analysis.
  • Statistical analysis using univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression to evaluate meteorological and geographical factors.

Main Results:

  • A significant positive association was found between urban settings and active pediatric SLE (OR=75.949).
  • Lower mean annual rainfall showed a significant negative association with active pediatric SLE (OR=0.997).
  • Urban setting remained the only significant positive predictor in multivariate analysis (OR=56.567).

Conclusions:

  • Urban living and reduced annual rainfall are significant risk factors for active pediatric SLE in Fars province.
  • Potential contributing factors include increased exposure to pollutants and ultraviolet radiation in urban environments.
  • Further research is needed to explore regional environmental influences on SLE, as temperature and humidity showed no association in this study.
Abstract

Keywords:
GISactive pediatric systemic lupus erythematosusclimatic factorsgeographical factorsrainfallurban setting

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