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Metabolism-Regulating Microspheres: Design Principles, Therapeutic Applications Across Multisystem Diseases, and

Shengwen Cheng1,2,3, Lijun Yang4, Mingfei Dong1,2,3

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Metabolism-regulating microspheres offer precise, localized treatment for chronic diseases by reprogramming metabolic networks. These advanced systems target key metabolic abnormalities to correct dysregulated pathways at the tissue level.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Chronic diseases are increasingly linked to metabolic dysregulation.
  • Conventional drug carriers lack targeted metabolic intervention capabilities.
  • Need for localized and precise therapeutic strategies for metabolic disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the design principles of metabolism-regulating microspheres.
  • To highlight their role in reprogramming pathological metabolic networks.
  • To discuss applications and challenges in clinical translation.

Main Methods:

  • Synergistic integration of engineered chemical properties (ionic signaling, metabolite delivery, pathway modulator release).
  • Tailoring of physical characteristics (stiffness, porosity, size).
  • Development of "metabolic instruction systems" for tissue-level correction.

Main Results:

  • Microspheres demonstrate versatile applications in orthopedic, ophthalmic, and gynecological diseases.
  • Targeting of key metabolic abnormalities like glycolytic dysregulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress.
  • Identification of challenges including delivery barriers, metabolic heterogeneity, and safety concerns.

Conclusions:

  • Metabolism-regulating microspheres show promise for treating chronic diseases rooted in metabolic imbalance.
  • Emerging strategies like personalized formulations and AI-driven designs address clinical translation barriers.
  • These systems offer targeted and sustained metabolic correction for improved patient outcomes.