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Related Concept Videos

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Salt particles that have dissolved in water never spontaneously come back together in solution to reform solid particles. Moreover, a gas that has expanded in a vacuum remains dispersed and never spontaneously reassembles. The unidirectional nature of these phenomena is the result of a thermodynamic state function called entropy (S). Entropy is the measure of the extent to which the energy is dispersed throughout a system, or in other words, it is proportional to the degree of disorder of a...
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The first law of thermodynamics is quantitatively formulated via an equation relating the internal energy of a system, the heat exchanged by it, and the work done on it. A quantitative formulation of the second law of thermodynamics leads to defining a state function, the entropy.
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The process of surrounding a solute with solvent is called solvation. It involves evenly distributing the solute within the solvent. The rule of thumb for determining a solvent for a given compound is that like dissolves like. A good solvent has molecular characteristics similar to those of the compound to be dissolved. For example, polar solutions dissolve polar solutes, and apolar solvents dissolve apolar solutes. A polar solvent is a solvent that has a high dielectric constant (ϵ...
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A Standardized Obstacle Course for Assessment of Visual Function in Ultra Low Vision and Artificial Vision
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Light-Induced Entropy for Secure Vision.

Juhyung Seo1, Seungme Kang1, Chaehyun Kim2

  • 1Department of Electronic Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|January 29, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A novel photospike-based true random number generator (PS-TRNG) uses light-matter interactions to create high-entropy random numbers. This technology enables secure image authentication, detecting even AI-generated manipulations.

Keywords:
image securityphotodetectorsphotospikestochastic electronicstrue random number generator

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Optoelectronics
  • Information Security

Background:

  • True random number generators (TRNGs) are crucial for secure data encryption and authentication.
  • Existing TRNGs often face limitations in entropy, statistical quality, or long-term stability.
  • Developing novel physical phenomena for robust random number generation is an ongoing research area.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a photospike-based true random number generator (PS-TRNG) utilizing light-matter interaction and charge trapping.
  • To investigate the potential of copper vanadate (CuV2O6) nanostructures and tin dioxide (SnO2) quantum dots for random number generation.
  • To implement the PS-TRNG in a mobile system for image authenticity verification.

Main Methods:

  • Integration of CuV2O6 nanostructures with an SnO2 quantum dot layer to create a PS-TRNG device.
  • Exploitation of probabilistic trapping-de-trapping dynamics under optical pulse trains to generate random photospike currents.
  • Development of a mobile platform with a custom circuit board for embedding random numbers into image data.
  • Testing of random number output using NIST statistical test suite and evaluation of image modification detection capabilities.

Main Results:

  • The PS-TRNG demonstrated high entropy and enabled multi-level (ternary) random number generation.
  • Outputs achieved near-ideal statistical properties (33.30% uniformity, 33.28% inter-Hamming distance) and passed all 15 NIST tests.
  • The integrated system successfully verified image authenticity, detecting sophisticated AI-generated modifications.
  • The device exhibited excellent long-term stability, operating over 2 million cycles and remaining reliable for over 460 days.

Conclusions:

  • The photospike-based true random number generator offers a robust and stable source of high-quality random numbers.
  • The PS-TRNG technology is effective for hardware-based image authenticity verification, even against advanced AI manipulations.
  • This approach presents a promising solution for secure data generation and digital content protection.