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Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Preparation and Reactivity of a Triphosphenium Bromide Salt: A Convenient and Stable Source of Phosphorus(I)
Published on: November 22, 2016
Synthesis of Unsymmetrical 4,4'-Bipyridines through Base-Mediated Cross-Coupling between 4-Pyridyl Phosphonium Salts
Braja Kishor Paul1, Malekul Islam1, Fadil Faizal Mannighayil1
1Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal, India.
Abstract:
Syntheses of unsymmetrical 4,4'-bipyridines were achieved through base-mediated cross-couplings of diverse 4-pyridyl phosphonium salts. This transition-metal- and oxidant-free protocol operates under mild conditions and tolerates a broad range of functional groups. Subsequent derivatization of the bipyridine products enabled the selective preparation of viologens and other valuable aromatic scaffolds. Mechanistic studies indicate the formation of an anionic pyridyl intermediate, which undergoes C-C bond formation through phosphorus ligand coupling or an SNAr mechanism.
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