Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom02:45

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom

57.3K
Shortly after de Broglie published his ideas that the electron in a hydrogen atom could be better thought of as being a circular standing wave instead of a particle moving in quantized circular orbits, Erwin Schrödinger extended de Broglie’s work by deriving what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. When Schrödinger applied his equation to hydrogen-like atoms, he was able to reproduce Bohr’s expression for the energy and, thus, the Rydberg formula governing hydrogen spectra.
57.3K
Atomic Structure01:33

Atomic Structure

209.3K
Overview
209.3K
Atomic Mass01:52

Atomic Mass

70.1K
Atoms — and the protons, neutrons, and electrons that compose them — are extremely small. For example, a carbon atom weighs less than 2 × 10−23 g. When describing the properties of tiny objects such as atoms, we use appropriately small units of measure, such as the atomic mass unit (amu). The amu was originally defined based on hydrogen, the lightest element, then later in terms of oxygen. Since 1961, it has been defined with regard to the most abundant isotope of carbon, atoms of which...
70.1K
Atomic Orbitals02:44

Atomic Orbitals

43.9K
An atomic orbital represents the three-dimensional regions in an atom where an electron has the highest probability to reside. The radial distribution function indicates the total probability of finding an electron within the thin shell at a distance r from the nucleus. The atomic orbitals have distinct shapes which are determined by l, the angular momentum quantum number. The orbitals are often drawn with a boundary surface, enclosing densest regions of the cloud.
43.9K
The Wave Nature of Light02:12

The Wave Nature of Light

61.3K
The nature of light has been a subject of inquiry since antiquity. In the seventeenth century, Isaac Newton performed experiments with lenses and prisms and was able to demonstrate that white light consists of the individual colors of the rainbow combined together. Newton explained his optics findings in terms of a "corpuscular" view of light, in which light was composed of streams of extremely tiny particles traveling at high speeds according to Newton's laws of motion.
61.3K
Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals I03:24

Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals I

67.2K
The mathematical expression known as the wave function, ψ, contains information about each orbital and the wavelike properties of electrons in an isolated atom. When atoms are bound together in a molecule, the wave functions combine to produce new mathematical descriptions that have different shapes. This process of combining the wave functions for atomic orbitals is called hybridization and is mathematically accomplished by the linear combination of atomic orbitals. The new orbitals that...
67.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Educational Effects of Training With a Virtual Reality-Based Objective Structured Clinical Examination Software.

Journal of medical education and curricular development·2026
Same author

Genetic algorithm-based optimization of columella shape with FEM surrogate modeling: convergence analysis and application to ossicular chain reconstruction.

Biomechanics and modeling in mechanobiology·2026
Same author

Hydrogel microwell with pneumatic soft actuator for compression formation of three-dimensional cellular tissue.

Lab on a chip·2026
Same author

Proton Whole Lung Irradiation for a Patient With Metastatic Ewing Sarcoma.

Pediatric blood & cancer·2026
Same author

Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species Generation Induced by High-Frequency Ultrasound in Thickness Vibration Mode.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2026
Same author

Precision Oncology for Pediatric Solid Tumors Using In-Hospital Pediatric/AYA Malignancy-Specific Panel Sequencing.

Cancer science·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 31, 2026

Enhancement Method of Surface Acoustic Wave-Atomizer Efficiency for Olfactory Display
08:06

Enhancement Method of Surface Acoustic Wave-Atomizer Efficiency for Olfactory Display

Published on: November 14, 2018

8.4K

Narrow-width surface acoustic wave device-driven olfactory epithelium-targeted intranasal atomization.

Kosuke Wakayama1, Sho Kurihara2, Yuta Kurashina1

  • 1Division of Advanced Mechanical Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.

International Journal of Pharmaceutics
|January 29, 2026
PubMed
Summary

A new intranasal atomization system targets the olfactory epithelium for direct brain drug delivery. This narrow-width surface acoustic wave (NWSAW) device effectively delivers drugs, bypassing the blood-brain barrier.

Keywords:
Aerosol generationDirectional atomizationIntranasal administrationOlfactory epitheliumSurface acoustic wave

More Related Videos

Fabrication, Operation and Flow Visualization in Surface-acoustic-wave-driven Acoustic-counterflow Microfluidics
12:26

Fabrication, Operation and Flow Visualization in Surface-acoustic-wave-driven Acoustic-counterflow Microfluidics

Published on: August 27, 2013

17.9K
Fabrication of Surface Acoustic Wave Devices on Lithium Niobate
07:55

Fabrication of Surface Acoustic Wave Devices on Lithium Niobate

Published on: June 18, 2020

13.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 31, 2026

Enhancement Method of Surface Acoustic Wave-Atomizer Efficiency for Olfactory Display
08:06

Enhancement Method of Surface Acoustic Wave-Atomizer Efficiency for Olfactory Display

Published on: November 14, 2018

8.4K
Fabrication, Operation and Flow Visualization in Surface-acoustic-wave-driven Acoustic-counterflow Microfluidics
12:26

Fabrication, Operation and Flow Visualization in Surface-acoustic-wave-driven Acoustic-counterflow Microfluidics

Published on: August 27, 2013

17.9K
Fabrication of Surface Acoustic Wave Devices on Lithium Niobate
07:55

Fabrication of Surface Acoustic Wave Devices on Lithium Niobate

Published on: June 18, 2020

13.0K

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Drug Delivery Systems
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Intranasal drug delivery offers a minimally invasive route to the brain, bypassing the blood-brain barrier (BBB).
  • Conventional intranasal devices struggle to reach the olfactory epithelium, located deep in the nasal cavity, limiting direct brain access.
  • Effective delivery to the olfactory epithelium is crucial for brain-targeted intranasal administration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a novel intranasal atomization system for targeted delivery to the entire olfactory epithelium.
  • To overcome the limitations of conventional devices in reaching the deep nasal cavity.
  • To assess the efficacy and drug integrity of the proposed system for brain drug delivery.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a narrow-width surface acoustic wave (NWSAW) device (5 mm width) for intranasal insertion.
  • Characterization of atomization properties (angle, particle size) and comparison with a standard nasal spray.
  • Evaluation of an extended LBNA (Ex-LBNA) device for deeper nasal insertion and whole olfactory epithelium coverage.
  • Assessment of insulin immunoreactivity after atomization to determine drug integrity.

Main Results:

  • The NWSAW device produced narrower atomization angles and smaller particles compared to a nasal spray.
  • The LBNA configuration achieved atomization at lower input power.
  • The Ex-LBNA device enabled deeper nasal insertion and successfully achieved atomization across the entire olfactory epithelium.
  • Insulin immunoreactivity was largely retained after atomization with the NWSAW device.

Conclusions:

  • The Ex-LBNA system demonstrates effective, targeted atomization across the entire olfactory epithelium.
  • This directional atomization technology shows potential for efficient drug delivery to the brain via the intranasal route.
  • The NWSAW device preserves the integrity of biopharmaceuticals like insulin during the atomization process.