Thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection: Similarities, differences and pharmacotherapy

Area of Science:

• Cardiovascular Medicine
• Vascular Surgery
• Medical Research

Background:

• Thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) and thoracic aortic dissection (TAD) are significant causes of morbidity and mortality.
• TAA involves aortic wall bulging, often asymptomatic, while TAD features intimal tears and false lumen propagation.
• These conditions, collectively termed thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection (TAAD), share similarities but have distinct etiological and pathogenetic mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current knowledge on screening, surveillance, diagnosis, and management of TAAD.
• To elucidate the similarities and differences between TAA and TAD.
• To discuss potential pharmacotherapies for TAAD.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of TAAD, TAA, and TAD.
• Analysis of etiological causes and pathogenetic mechanisms.
• Summary of current treatment modalities and future pharmacotherapeutic directions.

Main Results:

• TAAD shares classification, risk factors, and predisposed sites but differs in causes and pathogenesis.
• Current treatments include open surgery and endovascular repair.
• A lack of targeted pharmacotherapies to slow or reverse disease progression exists.

Conclusions:

• Understanding TAAD nuances is crucial for effective clinical management.
• Further research into pharmacotherapies is needed to address the progression of TAAD.
• This review provides a comprehensive overview for clinicians and researchers in the field of aortic diseases.