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Tree-hole breeding mosquitoes in Sennar state, eastern Sudan.
Osama Salah Basher Ishag1,2, Hmooda Toto Kafy3, Jihad Eltaher Sulieman1
1Department of Medical Entomology, Sennar Malaria Research and Training Center, Federal Ministry of Health, Sennar state 21115, Sennar, Sudan.
Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
|January 30, 2026
Summary
Sylvatic Aedes mosquito species, potential arbovirus vectors, were found breeding in tree-holes in Sudan
Area of Science:
- Medical Entomology
- Public Health
- Vector-Borne Diseases
Background:
- Aedes-borne diseases pose a growing public health threat in Sudan.
- Limited knowledge exists regarding Aedes mosquito breeding in natural tree-hole habitats.
- This study investigates Aedes mosquito fauna in tree-holes within Sennar state.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify and quantify Aedes mosquito species breeding in tree-holes across different tree species.
- To assess the potential role of these tree-hole breeding sites in arbovirus transmission.
Main Methods:
- Larval surveys were conducted in three study sites during the rainy season.
- Inspected 253 tree-holes for the presence and abundance of Aedes larvae.
- Identified Aedes species using collected larval specimens.
Main Results:
- Nearly 40% of inspected tree-holes (99 out of 253) were positive for Aedes larvae.
- Eight Aedes species were identified, with Aedes luteocephalus being the most prevalent (45.5%).
- Psidium guajava and Mangifera indica tree-holes showed higher Aedes species diversity and density.
Conclusions:
- The prevalence of sylvatic Aedes species, known arbovirus vectors, is a significant concern.
- These findings highlight the potential for arbovirus transmission in natural reserves.
- Aedes tree-hole breeding should be integrated into arboviral disease control strategies.
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